Montenegro

an independent European principality. It faces the Adriatic Sea between Turkey and Austria-Hungary. A short coast line is under Austrian police supervision. The surface is one of mountain ridges and peaks, with fertile plains and valleys. The mountain sides are covered with oak, holly, ash, poplar, willow, alder, beech, and fir. The copses yield hazelnuts and walnuts. Sumach for tanning is gathered. The fertile areas produce Indian corn, cabbage, cauliflower, potatoes, and tobacco. Orchard trees bear apples, peaches, olives, pomegranates, figs, quinces, and almonds. The mulberry tree and the vine flourish. The Lake of Scutari, the largest in the Balkans, affords carp-fishing. Smoked carp is an article of commerce. Large trout are taken in the mountain streams. Cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs run in the forests and on the mountain sides. Wool, smoked meats, honey, wax, hides, tallow, butter, and cheese are exported. The chief imports are tobacco, salt, wine, coffee, sugar, and implements.

Montenegro was a part of ancient Illyria, and in the Middle Ages it was a part of the Slavonic kingdom of Servia. Like other Balkan states, Montenegro was subjected by the Turks. In 1697 the Prince-bishop shook off the Turkish yoke and placed the country under the protection of Russia. In 1878 entire independence was agreed to by the signatory powers to the Treaty of Berlin. The capital is the village of Gettinje.

The Montenegrins are an erect, robust mountain people. They profess the Greek religion and speak a Slavonic tongue. Austrian money is in use. They are said to be cheerful, and are hospitable to all but Turks. The girls are said to possess the beauty of health; but the women work at out-of-door employments, and soon grow masculine, seemingly much coarser than their husbands. The men go armed. The inhabitants live in villages. Houses are built of stone and are thatched or shingled.

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