New Brunswick

a province of eastern Canada. It lies between Maine and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Chaleur Bay, and the Bay of Fundy. The southeast corner is connected by an isthmus with the peninsula of Nova Scotia. The northwestern corner borders on the province of Quebec.

The surface is rugged, varying from river valleys and plains to rocky ranges of low mountains--an extension of the Appalachians. The principal river is the St. John. It empties into the Bay of Fundy. There is an abundance of building stone and limestone, including granite, quartz, sandstone, and trap. Coal and iron are abundant. There are also mines of copper and manganese. The summers are warm and foggy; the winter climate is similar to that of Wisconsin. The country was formerly densely wooded. Lumbering is still an important industry. Shipbuilding was formerly carried on at St. John, Chatham, Miramichi and other points. Lumber, shingles, staves, and paper pulp are exported. Fishing is to a considerable extent an occupation of the inhabitants of some of the villages on the coast. The annual catch is valued at about $4,000,000. The people of the province, however, are for the most part engaged in agriculture, the river valleys being especially fertile and productive. Iron and coal mines with excellent railroad connections have resulted in the development of important manufacturing industries of various kinds. New Brunswick was colonized by settlers from the British Isles and from France. Named in order of numerical strength, the leading denominations are Roman Catholic, Baptist, Church of England, Presbyterian, and Methodist. A system of common schools is maintained at public expense. Institutions of higher learning have been established by the various denominations. The province is ruled by a lieutenant-governor and a local legislative assembly of 46 members; 10 senators and 14 house members are sent to the Canadian Parliament. The population in 1901 was 331,120. Fredericton is the capital. St. John, at the mouth of the river of that name, is the chief seaport and largest city.