Sheik
the chieftain of an Arab tribe or village. The word is Arabic signifying an old man, an elder. A traveler desiring to transact business of any sort with Arabs does so through their sheik. Among the Mohammedans generally the term is one of respect. The venerable grand mufti of Constantinople, the highest authority in matters of sacred law in the Turkish Empire, is called Sheik ul Islam.
Volume V · Aiton’s Encyclopedia