Souchez
a small village in Artois, France, about four miles S. W. of Lens, which was the center of a heavy battle between the French and German troops, beginning on May 9, 1915, in which the German lines were temporarily broken. Most of the fighting ng occurred in and around the village of Souchez, but as a whole became known as the Battle of Artois. The German losses were estimated at 60,000 while those of the French amounted to only about 2,000. SOUFRIÈRE, a volcano of the island of St. Vincent, West Indies. Its height ocis 3,700 feet. Violent eruptions have curred at intervals during the last two 7, 1902, simul centuries, the last on May taneous with the eruption of Mont Pelee, in Martinique, 1,350 persons being killed, the depth of rocks and dust reaching in some places 60 feet.
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Soult, Nicolas
Nicolas (1769-1851), a distinguished French marshal. He entered the French army in 1785. He was made marshal of France in 1804. He served with distinction in the battles of Austerlitz, Jena, and Eylau. He blockaded Sir John Moore in Corunna. He was opposed by Wellington, 1813-14. In 1827 he was made a peer. As ambassador extraordinary he attended the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838. He closed his political career as minister of war.
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Sounding Balloons
free, unmanned balloons sent up with selfregistering meteorological instruments to record the conditions of the atmosphere at various heights. Upon reaching the height intended, the common form of sounding balloon bursts on account of diminished atmospheric pressure and a parachute is provided for the return of the recording instruments to the earth. A sounding balloon sent up in Java in 1913 recorded the lowest atmospheric temperature on record, 113 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit.
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Sourabaya
or SURABAYA, a seaport of Java, capital of a province of the same name (area, 2,091 square miles; pop., about 3,000,000), on the Strait of Madura. It possesses a large and secure harbor; a building yard, graving dock, and an extensive trade in exports of native produce, and imports of European manufactures. Pop . about 175,000.
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Sourakarta
or SOLO, a town of Java, capital of the province of the same name (area, 2,404 square miles; pop. about 1,750,000), 140 miles W. S. W. of Sourabaya. It has manufactures of cotton and other tissues, leather, etc. Pop. about 125,000.
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South Amboy
a city of New Jersey, in Middlesex co. It is on the Raritan river and bay, directly opposite Perth Amboy, and on the Pennsylvania, the Central of New Jersey, and the Raritan River railroads. It is an important manufacturing city and has pottery, He was a friend of the Earl of Essex, ta, underwear, cigars, and brick , terra cotta Pop. (1910) 7,007; manufactures. (1920) 7,897. SOUTH AMERICA. See AMERICA.
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South America
. See America ; Andes ; Amazon , and various South American countries, cities, animals, plants, and productions.
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South Bethlehem
now joined to Bethlehem, formerly a borough in North-in ampton co., Pa.; on the Philadelphia and Reading, the Lehigh Valley, and the Central of New Jersey railroads; 57 miles N. W. of Philadelphia. It contains LE- HIGH UNIVERSITY, Moravian College for Women, St. Luke's Hospital, waterworks, street railroad and electric lights, National and private banks, and several ily and weekly newspapers. Here are daily the Bethlehem Steel Works and manufactories of brass goods, machinery, coke, zinc, brick, etc. Pop. (1910) 19,973; (1920) 23,522.
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South Britain
England and Wales, as distinguished from Scotland, popularly called North Britain.
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South Georgia
a British island in the South Atlantic Ocean, uninhabited, and almost perpetually ice-bound; nearly 800 miles E. by S. of the Falkland Isles, of which it is a dependency; area 1,000 square miles. Discovered in 1675, it was taken possession of by Captain Cook in 1775; and here in 1882-1883 lived the German expedition for observing the transit of Venus.
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South Hadley
a town in Massachusetts, in Hampshire co. It is on the Connecticut river. Its industries include the manufacture of writing paper, brick, cotton goods, lumber products, etc. It is the seat of Mount Holyoke College. Pop. (1910) 4,894; (1920) 5,527.
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South Island
the lower of the two large islands which, with the small Stewart Island, form the British colony of New Zealand.
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South Kingston
a ston, the county-seat, and several other villages. It is on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford, and the Narragansett Pier railroads. It has manufactories of woolen and worsted goods. The village of Kingston is the seat of the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. It is the center of an important farming region and has also extensive fishing interests. Pop. (1910) 5,176; (1920) 5,181.
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South Milwaukee
a city of Wisconsin, in Milwaukee co. It is on the Chicago and Northwestern railroad. Its industries include the manufacture of steam shovels, dredges, mineral wool, veneers, electrical appliances, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,092; (1920) 7,598.
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South Mountain
a ridge of the Alleghanies, near Middletown, Frederick co., Md.; the scene of a battle, Sept. 14, 1862, between the Union troops, under General Reno, composed of Reno's and Hooker's corps of General McClellan's army, and the Confederates, about 30,000 strong, under Generals Hill and Longdesperate street, in which, after a struggle continuing throughout the day, the Union forces were victorious. General Reno was killed in the action.
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South Norwalk
formerly a city of Connecticut, incorporated in 1913 with NORWALK (q. v.).
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South Orange
a village of New Jersey, in Essex co. It is on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad. It is entirely a residential place and has many handsome private residences. It is the seat of Seton Hall College. Pop. (1910) 6,014; (1920) 7,274.
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South Pasadena
a city of California, in Los Angeles co. It is on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé Coast Line, the Salt Lake Route, and the Pacific Electric and Southern Pacific railroads. It is the center of an important fruit-growing region and has large ostrich farms. Pop. (1910) 4,649; (1920) 7,652.
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South Polar
. See Antarctic
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South Portland
a city of Maine, in Cumberland co. It is on the Fore river and is opposite Portland, with which it is connected by a ferry and four bridges. Its industries include iron works, acid works, ship, railway, and machine shops, etc. It is the seat of the State School for Boys. Pop. ( 1910) 7,471; (1920) 9,254.
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