Umbrella

a light canopy of silk, cotton, or other material carried above the head as a protection against the rays of the sun or to ward off rain. The name is connected with the Latin umbra, shade. The cover of an umbrella is spread usually over ribs radiating from a center. For convenience in carrying when not in use, these ribs are arranged to close downward toward a handle. A small, light form carried by ladies as a protection against the glare of the sun is called a parasol. The latter is ornamented frequently with lace, ribbons, etc., but the ornamentation of an umbrella is confined usually to the handle. As shown by inscriptions, vase paintings, and terracottas, the umbrella is of great antiquity in eastern lands. An umbrella borne by slaves was, and still is, a mark of rank. The ancient Assyrian kings were attended by servants holding huge umbrellas made of the beautiful plumage of pheasants or peacocks. The emperor of Morocco is represented usually as accompanied by slaves bearing an umbrella of ostrich feathers. Both Greek and Roman ladies carried parasols. The Roman senator regarded an umbrella as beneath his dignity. The umbrella was not introduced into England until early in the eighteenth century. At first men refused to carry so effeminate an article, but now a Londoner rarely starts from home without his umbrella. England is the world's headquarters for the manufacture of umbrellas. According to the last United States census we now manufacture about $9,000,000 worth a year.