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Archangel (ST MICHAEL capital)

or ST. MICHAEL, capital of the province of the same name, and the principal city and seaport of northern Russia, lies on the Dwina, and the principal city and seaport of about 34 miles from its fall into the White Sea. During the European War (1914-1918) it became the chief port of Russia. There is a government dock- (1914-1918) it became the chief port of yard, and numerous private shipbuilding ing concerns.

The entrance to the Dwina, on which Archangel was subse quently built, was discovered by Richard Chancellour, an Englishman, in 1554. Pop. about 36,000.

An American force was landed in this city in the latter part of 1918, in conjunction with British, Japanese, and French forces. They were maintained there for many months for the ostensible purpose of guarding supplies which had been placed there for the former Russian Government. Important military operations were carried on around Archangel in the early months of 1919. The Bolshevist forces attacked the city, and the Russian troops under Admiral Kol- Bolshevist forces attacked the city, and the Russian troops under Admiral Kolcan forces took no active part in these operations and they were withdrawn in ARCHBALD June, 1919. For an account of the military operations in and around Archangel, see RUSSIA.