Arnauld
the name of a French family, several members of which greatly distinguished themselves. ANTOINE, an eminent French advocate, was born 1560, died 1619. Distinguished as a zealous defender of the cause of Henry IV., and for his powerful and successful defense of the University of Paris against the Jesuits in 1594. His family formed a nucleus of the sect of the Jansenists in France. His son ANTOINE, called the Great Arnauld, was born Feb. 6, 1612, at Paris; died Aug. 9, 1694, at Brussels. He devoted himself to the ology, and was received, in 1641, among the doctors of the Sorbonne. He engaged in all the quarrels of the French Jansenists with the Jesuits, the clergy, and the government, was the chief Jansenist writer, and was considered their head. Excluded from the Sorbonne, he retired to Port Royal, where he wrote, in conjunction with his friend Nicole, celebrated system of logic (hence called the "Port Royal Logic"). On account of persecution he fled, in 1679, to the Netherlands. His works, which are mainly controversies with the Jesuits or the Calvinists, are very voluminous.
His brother ROBERT, born in 1588, died in 1674, was a person of influence at the French court, but latterly retired to Port Royal, where he wrote a translation of "Josephus" and other works. Robert's daughter ANGÉLIQUE, born in 1624, died in 1684, was eminent in the religious world, and was subjected to prosecution on account of her unflinching adherence to Jansenism. a