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Arnold of Winkelried

a Swiss hero, who, at the battle of Sempach, in 1386, sacrificed himself to insure victory to his countrymen. The Austrian knights, dismounted, had formed themselves into a phalanx, which the Swiss vainly strove to pierce; when Arnold, rushing on the spear points of the enemy, and burying several in his breast, thus opened a gap in the fence of steel.

The Swiss rushed in through the opening, and routed the Austrians with great slaughter.

ARNOLD, RALPH, a geologist and engineer, born in Marshalltown, Ia., in 1875. He was educated at the Throop Polytechnic Institute and the Leland Stanford, Jr., University. Graduating from the latter in 1889, he was assistant in geology at that institution until 1903.

After serving in various capacities he became, in 1908, geologist of the United States Geological Survey. From 1911 he was consulting petroleum engineer of the United States Bureau of Mines and engaged also in private practice. He took charge of many investigations in petroleum fields in the United States and foreign countries, was special lecturer on petroleum at the University of Chicago and other universities and colleges, a member of many scientific societies, and contributed many papers on geological subjects to the United States Geological reports and professional periodicals. AROMATIC of the clergy for what they termed the Jacobinism of his views. In 1841 he was appointed Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford, and died June 12, 1842. As a writer, Arnold's works consisted mainly of a "History of Rome," completed to the end of the Punic War; a "Commentary on the New Testament," and a "Treatise on Church and State."

His life has been written by Dean Stanley, one of his old pupils. ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO (ar-nol'fō), or DI LAPO, an Italian architect and sculptor, born in Florence, in 1232. The most celebrated of his architectural works are the churches of Santa Croce, the Cathedral, and Or San Michele, at Florence, in which the gradual transition from the Gothic severity to the Italian elegance is markedly represented. This structure was completed, after the death of Arnolfo, by Brunelleschi, between 1420 and 1444. He died in 1300.