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Art (METROPOLITAN MUSEUM F)

METROPOLITAN MUSEUM F, the chief art museum of New York City and the largest and most inclusive in the United States. It was established in 1870 and in the following year the State Legislature appropriated $500,000 for a building at Central Park. The first building of the museum was completed in 1879, and the center portion of the building of the museum was completed It was built from designs prepared by in 1879, and the center portion of the A further appropriation was made in 1904 for the north part of the Fifth Avenue front. Additional extensions were made in 1907 and in years following. The total cost of the buildings of the museum is about $

20,000,000. The museum is governed by a Board of Trustees selected from the Fellows of the institution which compose a corporation. It is adgoverned by a Board of Trustees setreasurer, and other officials. The city appropriates about $200,000 annually toward its support, while the remainder of treasurer, and other officials. The city $500,000, are met through contributions and through sums received for admission on certain days. The museum possesses collections of the first rank. The department of paintings is especially notable for Flemish, Dutch, Old English, French, and American masters. Many of the finest colthe first rank. The department of paint- ings is especially notable for Flemish, Dutch, Old English, French, and Ameri- These include the Cesnola collection of Cypriote antiquities; one of the largest Egyptian collections in the world, and many important and representative col- The museum has received f.om time ative arts, and a notably large and fine collection of medieval armor.

The museum has received from time to time large sums of legacies and bequests. These include Jacob H. Rogers' 000,000 in 1912, a bequest from Frederick T. Hewitt of $1,000,000, and other be- 00 in 1912, a bequest from Frederick quests and gifts from other friends of 000,000 the institution. quests and gifts from other friends of the institution.

The museum has held many notable exhibitions. Among the most important of these was the Hudson-Fulton Memorial exhibition of Dutch paintings and early memorial art, in 1909. There have important loan collections including those also been displayed from time to time of old masters and other objects of art of J. P. Morgan. Following the death museum a large portion of the wonderof Mr. Morgan, his son gave to the ful collections of his father. To house built called the Pierpont Morgan Wing. This was completed in 1918. The museum these collections an additional wing was This was completed in 1918. The museum receives important accessions to its various collections each year. It carries on educational courses and it is yearly visited by an increased number of people. The director from 1910 was Edward Robinson, who succeeded Sir Caspar Purdon Clark.

ARTABANUS (-bā'nus) IV., the last of the Parthian monarchs. Having incited his subjects to revolt, he was captured in 226, and put to death. Thus ended, in the 3d century, the Parthian empire. empire. ARTABAZUS (-bã'zus), the name of dynasty of the Achæmenidæ. When several distinguished Persians under the Xerxes advanced against Greece, an Ar- Xerxes advanced against Greece, an Armians. Another Artabazus was general under the Persian king, Artaxerxes II., erxes III. For this offense he was forgiven, through the exertions of his porter next king, Darius, whom we brother-in-law, Mentor, a staunch supbrother-in-law, Mentor, a staunch sup- porter of the next king, Darius, whom we attending after the battle of Arbela. of Armenia, who succeeded his father Tigranes. He joined the Roman forces of Armenia, who succeeded his father the enemy, causing the defeat of the Romans, and the death of Crassus. He simi- ARTAXERXES larly betrayed Mark Antony when engaged against the Medes; but afterward falling into Antony's power, Artavasdes was taken with his wife and children to Alexandria, where they were dragged at the victor's chariot-wheels in golden chains. After the battle of Actium, Cleopatra caused his head to be struck off and sent to the King of Media. Reigned in the 1st century B. C.

ARTAXERXES (-zerks'ēz) I., surnamed Longimanus, was the third son of Xerxes, King of Persia, and, having murdered his brother Darius, ascended the throne 465 B. C. He died in 424 B. C. and was succeeded by his only son, Xerxes. This prince is generally supposed to have been the Ahasuerus of Scripture.

ARTAXERXES II., surnamed Mnemon, was the eldest son of Darius Nothus, and began his reign 405 B. C.

His brother Cyrus formed a conspiracy against him, for which he was sentenced to death; but at the intercession of his mother, Parysatis, the sentence was commuted to banishment to Asia Minor. Cyrus repaid this act of clemency by mustering a large army of Asiatics, and some Greek troops under Clearchus, with whom he marched to Babylon; but, being encountered by Artaxerxes, he was defeated and slain. Artaxerxes died at the age of 94, after reigning 46 years.

ARTAXERXES III., succeeded Artaxerxes II., his father, 359 B. C. To pave his way to the succession, he murdered two of his brothers, and afterward put to death all the remaining branches of the family. He suppressed several insurrections, and in Egypt slew the sacred bull Apis, and gave the flesh to his soldiers. For this, his eunuch, Bagoas, an Egyptian, caused him to be poisoned in 339 в. c.

ARTEMIS (ar'te-mis), an ancient Greek divinity, identified with the Roman Diana. She was the daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) and Leto or Latona, and was the twin sister of Apollo, born in the island of Delos. She is variously represented as a huntress, with bow and arrows; as a goddess of the nymphs in a chariot drawn by four stags; and as the moon goddess, with the crescent of the moon above her forehead. She was a maiden divinity, never conquered by love, except when Endymion made her feel its power. She demanded the strictest chastity from her worshippers, and she is represented as having changed Actæon into a stag, and caused him to be torn in pieces by his own dogs, because he had secretly watched ARTERY her as she was bathing. The Artemisia was a festival celebrated in her honor at Delphi.

ARTEMISIA (ar-te-mēzē-a), wormwood; named after Artemis, the Greek goddess, corresponding to the Roman Diana. A genus of plants belonging to the order asteraceæ, or composites. It contains four British species, the A. campestris, or field southernwood; the A. vulgaris, or common mugwort; the A. absinthium, or common wormwood; and the A. maritima, or sea-wormwood.

The common wormwood grows luxuriantly among the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain regions.

ARTEMISIA I., daughter of Lygdamis, and Queen of Caria, who assisted Xerxes in person against the Greeks, and behaved with such valor that the Athenians offered a reward for her capture, and the Spartans erected a statue to her. Lived in the 5th century B. C.

ARTEMISIA II., Queen of Caria, who erected so magnificent a monument to the memory of her husband Mausolus, that every splendid structure of this kind has been since styled a mausoleum.

Lived in the 4th century B. C.

ARTEMISIUM, a promontory in Euboea, an island of the Ægean, near which several naval battles between the Greeks and Persians were fought.

ARTEMUS WARD. See BROWNE, CHARLES FARRAR.