Ascham
ROGER, an English scholar and author, born at Kirby Wiske, near Northallerton, in 1515; graduated at Cambridge, and struggled with poverty until patrons came to his relief. He was famous for his general knowledge and acquirements in Greek and Latin, and is classed with Spenser, Sir Thomas More, and Sir Philip Sidney. Though he wrote Latin with ease and elegance at a time when custom favored the use of that language for important works, he urged and practiced the writing of English. In 1548-1550 he was tutor of the Princess (afterward Queen) Elizabeth. His most noted works are: "Toxophilus," a treatise on archery (1545), and "The Scholemaster," a treatise on education (1570). He died in London, Dec. 30, 1568.
Dec. 30, 1568. plural, those who at midday of one or ASCIAN, plural ASCIANS, in the two days of the year are destitute of a shadow. Those living in the Tropics of once a year, and those living between those circles are so twice a year. order of the tunicated class of mollusca.
It contains four families, the ascidiada, or simple ascidians; the clavellinidæ, or social ascidians; the botryllidæ, or comor simple ascidians; the clavellinidæ, or an aberrant family tending to the order biphora. an aberrant family tending to the order typical family of the ascidian order of tunicated mollusca. The animals are simple and fixed; they are solitary and tunicated mollusca. The animals are ple or disposed in 8-18 deep and regular gregarious, with their branchial sac simprovided with two apertures, making them look like double-necked jars. When provided with two apertures, making some distance. They look like shapeless cartilaginous masses. colored. In Brazil, China, and the Mediterranean they are eaten as food. Some are highly colored. In Brazil, China, and the Medkind into the abdomen; especially effusion of fluid within the ca cavity of the peritoneum, as distinguished from ovakind into the abdomen; especially effusion of fluid within the cavity of the be of a chronic or acute form, or of an asthenic type; and a sympathetic or consequential ascites. Another division is be of a chronic or acute form, or of an a large effusion of serum into the cavity of the peritoneum, after undue exposure to cold and wet; and passive ascites, that produced by disease of the heart or liver, of the peritoneum, after undue exposure ASCOLI PICENO tly twining. Leaves Their favorite the apocyпacex, or dogbanes. Shrubs, or more rarely herbs, almost always milky, and frequently twining. Leaves or more rarely herbs, almost always milky, and frequently habitat is Africa. They occur also in India and the tropics generally. Fully fascicled, or racemose. 1,000 are known. The milk, which in India and the tropics generally. Fully some species furnishes caoutchouc, is 1,000 are known. The milk, which in usually acrid and bitter, though appar-
That of calotropis gigantea, the ently not so deleterious as that of apocynacea. has been used with effect in leprosy, elephantiasis, and some other diseases.
The roots of cynanchum tomentosum, and lactiferum is the cow-plant of Ceylon. periploca emetica are emetic. Gymnema are eatable. Diplopepis vomitoria is expectorant and diaphoretic, and is used pectorant and diaphoretic, and is used desmus indica is the Indian sarsaparilla.
The leaves of cymanchum argel are used in Egypt for adulterating senna. denia tenacissima is employed for bowstrings by the mountaineers of Rajmahal, while M. tinctoria and gymnema tingens yield an indigo of excellent quality.
Mar-