Avernus
or AVERNO, a lake in the neighborhood of Naples, about 2½ miles N. W. of Puzzuoli, and near the coast of Baiæ, the waters of which were so unwholesome and putrid that no birds ever visited its banks. The ancients made it the entrance of hell, by which Ulysses and AEneas descended into the lower rethe entrance of hell, by which Ulysses munication between it and the neighborgions. In the time of Vergil, a communication between it and the neighboring Lucrine Lake was made by Agrippa; but in 1538, the latter was filled by a again a separate lake. On its banks, inrose in its place, rendering the Averno again a separate lake. On its banks, inwas placed the grave of Hecate, and the beautiful gardens and vineyards. Here be seen here. grotto of the Cumean sibyl is still to be seen here. plants, order oxalidaceæ. It consists of two species, both of which form small trees in the East Indies. They are renated, possessing, in a slight degree, the nated, possessing, in a slight degree, the tive plant; and for their fleshy oval fruits with five thick longitudinal wings. leaves are smooth, the flowers of a violet purple, and the fruit about the size of a goose's egg; it is of a pale yellow in the East Indies. The other species, downy leaves and fruit resembling the acid and cannot be eaten raw. It is acid and cannot be eaten raw.
It is pickled and candied, or a syrup is obtained from it by boiling with sugar, and its juice is found an excellent agent for removing iron mold or other spots from linen. To the Malays it answers the same purposes as the citron, the gooseberry, the caper and the cucumber of Europe.
AVERROES (av-er-ō'az), or AVERR- HOES (corrupted from EBN or IBN ROSHD or RUSHD), an Arabian philosopher and physician, born 1120. He succeeded his father in the chief magistracy ceeded his father in the chief magistracy of Cordoba, capital of the Moorish donated chief judge in Morocco, and, having there appointed deputies to his office, ing there appointed deputies to his office, his opinions, however, caused him to be persecuted by the more orthodox Moslems, and he was imprisoned; but, after he was liberated. Averroes greatly adhe was liberated. Averroes greatly adthe writings of that philosopher procured the writings of that philosopher procured Of the personal character of Averroes almost nothing is known. Like every dence; and, like every distinguished Arabian, he was devoted to poetry. He died at Morocco in 1198.
AVICENNIA He graduated from Doane College in