Berthier
ALEXANDRE (bertya'), Prince of Neuchâtel and Wagram, born in Versailles in 1753. He served as officer of a regiment of dragoons in the American Revolutionary War. During the French Revolution he became commandant of the National Guard at Versailles, and exerted himself to check the excesses of the populace. During the Reign of Terror he served under Lafayette, and afterward under Bonaparte, in his first Italian campaign. From this time he accompanied Napoleon in all his campaigns as chief of staff. In 1803 he married a Bavarian princess. In 1805 he was created a marshal of the empire, grand huntsman of the empire, and chief of the first cohort of the Legion of Honor.
In 1806 he became Prince of Neuchâtel, and in 1809 Prince of Wagram. In 1810 he officiated as Napoleon's proxy in the Napoleon's proxy marriage of Maria Louisa. On the restoration of Louis XVIII. he accepted the situation of captain of one of the companies of the gardes-de-corps. On the return of Napoleon he retired to Bamberg, where he died March 20, 1815.
BERTHOLLET (ber-tōl-ā'), CLAUDE LOUIS, COUNT, a French chemist, was born in Savoy, Dec. 9, 1748, and studied medicine at Turin. He afterward settled in Paris, was admitted a member of the Academy of Sciences, and made a professor at the Normal School. He accompanied Napoleon to Egypt; and, during the empire, was made a Senator and an officer of the Legion of Honor.
He deserted his patron in the days of misfortune and received the title of Count from Louis XVIII. His principal work is "Essai de statique chimique" (1803). He died Nov. 6, 1822.