Binary Arithmetic
a method of notation invented by Leibnitz, but which appears to have been in use in China about 4,000 years ago. As the term binary implies, there are only two characters in this notation; these are 1 and 0. By it, our 1 is noted by 1, our 2 by 10, 3 by 11, 4 by 100; 5 by 101, 6 by 110, 7 by 111, 8 by 1,000, 9 by 1,001, 10 by 1,010, etc. The principle is that 0 multiplies by 2 in place of by 10, as on the common system.