Black Draught
sulphate of magnesia and infusion of senna, with aromatics to make it palatable. BLACK EARTH (tchernozem of Russian geologists), the name to a deposit which covers vast areas in south Russia, extending over the steppes and low-lying plateaus that border on the Black Sea, and the depressed area to the N. of the Caspian, with a breadth from N. to S. of from 200 or 300 to nearly 700 miles. It closely resembles the loess of central Europe in texture and structure, for it is fine-grained, and is usually devoid of stratification. It varies in color, however, from dark brown to black, and in thickness from a foot or two up to 6 or 7 yards, occasionally reaching, it is said, even to 60 feet. It is composed chiefly of siliceous sand (about 70 per cent.), alumina and other ingredients (23 per cent.), and organic matter (about 7 per cent.). It bears the same relation to the glacial accumulations of Russia that the loess of the Rhine, the Danube, etc., does to those of central Europe, and is probably the fine-grained silt derived from the torrents and flooded rivers of the glacial period.
BLACKFISH (tautoga americāna), a fish caught on the coast of the United States, especially in the vicinity of Long Island. Its back and sides are of a BLACK FOREST BLACK LEAD bluish or crow black; the under parts, He died in 1838. There are "Lives" by white. Patterson and Snelling. especially in the males, are Another fish, the centrolophus morio, found in the Mediterranean and on the coasts of western Europe, is also called blackfish. It belongs to the mackerel family. In Scotland the term is applied to foul or newly spawned fish. In the United States two species of small whale of the genus globiocephălus also have this name.