Bolo
a short, broad, lance-shaped weapon; used by the Filipinos in their operations against the American troops.
The blade is about 18 inches in length by nearly 3 inches in breadth at its broadest dimension. It tapers from the middle toward the haft as well as toward the point, making it strongly resemble the ancient short sword. It is not doubleedged, however, but tapers from a thick back to an extremely keen edge.
BOLOGNA (bō-lōn'yā), one of the oldest, largest, and richest cities of Italy, capital of the province of same name, in a fertile plain at the foot of the Apennines, between the rivers Reno and Savena. It is the see of an archbishop, and has extensive manufactures of silk goods, velvet, artificial flowers, etc. Among the principal buildings are the Palazzo Comunale, which contains some magnificent halls adorned with statues and paintings; the Palazzo del Podestà; and the Church or Basilica of St. Petronio.
Among the hundred other churches, St.
Pietro, St. Salvatore, St. Domenico, St.
Giovanni in Monte, St. Giacomo, Maggiore, all possess rich treasures of art. The leaning towers, Degli Asinelli and Garisenda, dating from the 12th century, are among the most remarkable ob- 7-Vol. II-Cyc BOLOGNESE SCHOOL jects in the city; and the market is adorned with the colossal bronze Neptune of Giovanni di Bologna. An arcade of 640 arches leads to the Church of Madonna di St. Lucca, situated at the foot of the Apennines, near Bologna, and the resort of pilgrims from all parts of Italy.
Bologna has long been renowned for its university, claiming to have been founded in 1088, and having ga library which numbers over 200,0 200,000 volumes and 9,000 MSS. The Biblioteca municipale has a library which numbers about 160,000 volumes, with 6,000 MSS. The Church of St. Domenico has a library of 120,000 volumes. The Academy of Fine Arts has a rich collection of paintings by native artists, such as Francia, and the later Bolognese school, of which the Caraccis, Guido Reni, Domenichino, and Albano were the founders. Bologna was founded by the Etruscans under the name of Felsina; became, in 189 B. C., the Roman colony Bononia; was taken by the Longobards about 728 A. D.; passed into the hands of the Franks, and was made a free city by Charlemagne.
In the 12th and 13th centuries it was one of the most flourishing of the Italian republics; but the feuds between the different parties of the nobles led to its submission to the papal see in 1513.
Several attempts were made to throw off the Papal yoke, one of which, in 1831, was for a time successful. In 1849 the Austrians obtained possession of it. In 1860 it was annexed to the dominions of King Victor Emmanuel. Pop. about 190,000.