Bubo
a genus of birds belonging to the family strigidæ, or owls. They have a small ear aperture, two large feathered tufts like horns on the sides of the head, and the legs feathered to the toes. B. maximus is the eagle owl, or great owl. It is a native of Europe. The corresponding American species is B. virginianus.
BUBONIC PLAGUE posed to be identical with the plague BUBONIC PLAGUE, a disease supposed to be identical with the plague known as the Black Death, which had its origin in China, and made its first appearance in Europe 543 A. D., at Constantinople. It derives its modern name from the fact that it attacks the lymphatic glands in the neck, armpits, groins and other parts of the body. The swollen parts are extremely sensitive to the touch, the patient suffers from headache, vertigo, high fever, vomiting, and great prostration. Another feature is the appearance of purple spots and a mottling of the skin. In severe cases death generally ensues in 48 hours, and, at best, recovery is slow. It is now generally agreed that this plague is a germ disease. The bacillus has been identified by Indian bacteriologists as well as by European and American investigators. It is found without trouble in the blood of the patient. At the Hoagland laboratory in Brooklyn, N. Y., extensive experiments have been made, both in the culture of the germs and in munity from this scourge may be obtained. The disease has been called "the poor's plague," from the fact that it first attacked the half-starved masses This was the case in Bombay, where it has produced fatal ravages. Pure air, wholesome food, the free external use lations modify to some extent the attacks of the plague. History. The first authentic descriptacks of the plague. History.-The first authentic descripwho described the disease as having existed in northern Africa during the who described the disease as having the disease has been variously described by writers under the name of Levantine, the disease has been variously described Black Plague, or Black Death. These designations are more or less open to criticism and lack scientific foundation. designations are more or less open to disease appeared in Egypt, and within a year extended to Constantinople, where it is said to have caused the death of 10,000 persons in one day. In 1352 the plague spread through the whole of Europe and nearly one-fourth of the population died. It is estimated by Hecker that, during this reign of terror, out of 2,000,000 000 inhabitants of Norway but It was estimated, by 300,000 survived. that, during this reign of terror, out of from black death for the entire world was 40,000,000. This outbreak lasted about 20 years. During the great plague of London, in 1665, there were 63,596 deaths out of a population of 460,000.
BUBONIC PLAGUE Characteristics. The bacillus of the bubonic plague was discovered and time, in 1894, during the epidemic of the plague at Hong Kong. It is found in internal organs. It is apparently present phatic glands, and occasionally in the internal organs. It is apparently present before death. An anti-plague serum inrhagic types of the disease, and shortly before death. An anti-plague serum in- Catholic mission at Canton, in June, 1896, who was attacked with a severe type of the disease, was effective. It is believed the plague is transmitted solely It is apparent, however, that hot, dry air is fatal to the disease, and that moist warm air is favorable to it. It even may be very active in cold weather.
This was shown by the outbreak that occurred on the Volga river, in Russia, in the severe winter of 1878. Like typhus fever, the plague is unknown in the tropi tropics, and, like typhus, again, it usually selects its victims from the lowest class, and thrives on filth and famine.
The invasion is abrupt, associated with chills, great depression, blunted condition of the intellect, pains in the bones and high fever. Death frequently occurs within 48 hours, and even earlier. Remedies. The chief causes of the plague are given as famine and filth. The various serums seem to be unavailable against these obstacles and even the use of antipyretics or stimulants. As a preventive serum, that of Professor Haffkins has proven the most effectual. The compulsory evacuation of infected cities and districts has accomplished much. Indeed, this was the most available remedy during the epidemic in the Punjab District in 1896-1897, and is the first preventive of a spread in case of an outbreak. Animals also have a tendency to monkeys have been known to infect a ship and bring the scourge from a foreign port. Excessive precautions are taken at all ports leading from Asia, that of the Suez canal being the most dangerof the Suez canal being the most danger- Europe.
Precautions, however, are quite impossible in the incipient stages of the disease, as the evidences may not apdisease, as the evidences may not apready marked for death. The white races are more immune than any other. The mode of life in cessful battle with the plague. As it is rather sporadic than epidemic, even in 4 BUCARELI Y URZUA the East, there should be little fear of its securing a foothold on Western soil.