Bud
the name of bodies of various form and structure, which develop upon plants, and contain the rudiments of future organs, stems , branches, future organs, as stems, branches, leaves, and organs of fructification. Upon exogenous plants they are in their as the former royal castle and several palaces, the arsenal, town hall, Government offices, etc., and a very handsome Jewish synagogue. The mineral baths of Buda have long been famous, the Bruck- Jewish synagogue. The mineral baths of bad and Kaiserbad having both been used by the Romans. Pest, or the portion of Budapest on the left or E. bank of the river, is formed by the inner town of Old Pest on the Danube , about which has grown a semi-circle of dis- 1 BUDAPEST BUDDHA tricts Leopoldstadt, Theresienstadt, as its capital. The Government fell Elisabethstadt, etc. The river is at this point somewhat wider than the Thames at London, and the broad quays of Pest extend along it for from 2 to 3 miles.
Pest retains, on the whole, fewer signs of antiquity than many less venerable towns. Its fine frontage on the Danube is modern, and includes the new Houses of Parliament, the Academy, and other important buildings. The oldest church dates from 1500; the largest building is a huge pile used as barracks and arsenal. a There is a well attended university, having, previous to the World War, over 7,500 students. There are also many other educational institutions, including technical college, high, grammar, trade, and mercantile schools; and hospitals, and other charitable institutions. Its chief manufactures are flour, machinery, gold, silver, copper, and iron wares, chemicals, silk, leather, tobacco, etc. In recent years the city has become one of the flour milling centers of the world. A large trade is done in grain, wine, wool, cattle, etc. Budapest is strongly Magyar, and, as a factor in the national life, may almost be regarded as equivalent to the rest of Hungary. It was not until 1799 that the population of Pest began to out-distance that of Buda; but from that date its growth was very rapid and out of all proportion to the increase of Buda. In 1799 the joint March 22, 1919, and was succeeded by a Soviet government under Bela Kun. A reign of terror ensued that was ended only when the Rumanians captured the city Aug. 3, 1919. (See AUSTRIA-HUN- GARY; WORLD WAR.)
BUDAUN (bö-dä'-ön), a town of India in a district of the same name, United provinces, consisting of an old and a new town, the former partly surrounded by ancient ramparts. There is a handsome mosque, American mission, etc. Pop. 39,000.
BUDDHA (bö'dha), a man possessed of infinite or infallible knowledge; a deified religious teacher. There was said to be a series of them, a number having come and gone before Gautama, the personage described below. When no Buddha is on earth, the true religion gradually decays, but it flourishes in pristine vigor when a new Buddha is raised up. He is not, however, entitled at once to that honorable appellation; it is only after he has put forth arduous exertions for the faith that he attains to Buddhahood.
Most of the Buddhas preceding the personage described below appear to have been purely fabulous. His immediate predecessor, Kasyapa or Kassapo, may have been a real person. The word is chiefly applied to a distinguished personage of Aryan descent, whose father MAILE THE GREAT BUDDHA OF YUN-KANG population of the two towns was little more than 50,000; since then it has grown very rapidly until now it is estimated at about
1,000,000. After the signing of the Austrian armistice, Hungary seceded from the Austrian Empire and established a republic with Budapest was king of Kapilavastu, an old Hindu kingdom at the foot of the Nepaulese Mountains, about 100 miles N. of Benares. He was of the Sakhya family, and the class of the Gautamas, as, hence his distinguished son was often called Sakhya Muni, or Saint Sakya, and Gautama, or tamas BUDDHISM Guadama. The Chinese call him Fo, which is the name Buddha softened in the pronunciation. The Aryan invaders of India looked down with contempt upon the Turanian inhabitants of that land, and, to keep their blood uncontaminated, developed the system of caste. Buddha, whose human sympathy was wide-reaching, broke through this old restraint, and, though he was himself an Aryan, preached the equality of races, a doctrine which the oppressed Turanians eagerly embraced. By the common account he was born in 622 B. C. attained to Buddhahood in 580, and died in 543, count he was born in 622 B. C. attained or, in the opinion of some, in 477 B. C. and other years than these, such as 400 B. C., or even lower, have been contended for. Buddha became deified by his adfor. Buddha became deified by his ad- miring followers. Those images of an Oriental god made of white marble, so frequently seen in museums and in private houses, are representations of Buddha.