Bulwer
HENRY LYTTON EARLE (LORD DALLING), an English author and diplomatist, brother of Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, born Feb. 13, 1801; was minister to Madrid in 1843; in 1849 had a diplomatic mission to Washington, and was one of the negotiators of the BUL- WER-CLAYTON TREATY (q. v.); was ambassador to Turkey in 1858-1865. Among his works are "An Autumn in Greece" (1826); "France. Social, Liter- BULWER-LYTTON ary, and Political" (1834-1836); and "Life of Byron" (1835). He died in Naples, May 23, 1872. BULWER-CLAYTON TREATY, a treaty negotiated at Washington, D. C., in April, 1850, by John M. Clayton, Secretary of State under President Taylor, and Sir Henry Bulwer, British Minister to the United States. The treaty provided that neither the United States nor Great Britain should attempt to control a was proposed canal across Nicaragua.
The treaty provided further for the neutrality of the canal, and it guaranteed encouragement to all lines of interoceanic communication. The terms of the treaty were afterward much disputed. In 1882 the United States Government intimated to Great Britain that the canal having become impracticable because of reasons for which Great Britain alone responsible, the United States considered the treaty as no longer binding, but Great Britain continued to hold it as in force. On March 3, 1899, Congress passed a bill providing for the construction of a canal on the Nicaragua route, which also authorized the President to open negotiations with Great Britain for the abrogation of the Bulwer-Clayton Treaty, and, under the last clause a convention between the two countries, abrogating the portions of the treaty that were deemed to be against the interest of the United States, was signed in Washington, Feb. 5, 1900.