Cairn
a round or conical heap of England, Wales, and Scotland, and some ment. They are found on the hills of England, Wales, and Scotland, and some have assigned to them a peculiar charthe Welsh name for heaps of stones on criminals burnt in the wicker images of the Druids, etc. According to some antiquaries, cairn is distinct from carnedd, the Welsh name for heaps of stones on the tops of high mountains (Carnedd David, Carnedd Llewellyn, etc.), which CAIRO capital of modern Egypt, situated in a sandy plain between the right bank of the Nile and the ridge of Mokattam, near the point of the delta of the Nile.
The most remarkable buildings in the city are its minarets and mosques. The and built of alternate layers of red and white stone. The most ancient of all and built of alternate layers of red and in the Levant, of a prodigious height, dation of the city, and consists of an mosque was built in the year of the in that form. great mosque of Sultan Tayloon. This pointed arches, being the earliest extant mosque was built in the year of the in that form.
Hegira 265 (879 A. D.) before the founon of one of the lowest ridges of the Jebel E., by old walls, and the highest part The city proper is built on the slope manded by forts on the mokattam, and of the ridge is occupied by a citadel comcontaining the palace of the viceroy, the E., by old walls, and the highest part Mokattam, and is surrounded, N. and of one of the lowest ridges of the Jebel The city proper is built on the slope arsenal, mint, public offices, and the magnificent new mosque of Mehemet of the ridge is occupied by a cita containing the palace of the viceroy, the arsenal, mint, public offices, and the citadel comseries of gardens and plantations, chief port of Cairo, is connected with it by a railway; it was built in 1313 on land port of Cairo, is connected with it by a celebrated museum of antiquities, an un- deposited by the river. At Bulak is the Ali. The city is separated from its CITADEL OF CAIRO are said to have been sacrificial. Some CITADEL OF CAIRO common language, a cairn is distinguished from a barrow, the former being common language, a cairn is distin- cairns are undoubtedly sepulchral. In are said to have been sacrificial. Some a heap of stores, the latter a mound of earth; but in all probability they had a heap of stores, the latter a mound of for the most part the same object, and the difference of materials was merely occasioned by local circumstances.
CAIRO Kaherah, "the victorious capital"), the (kīrō) (Arab. Musr el equalled collection of Egyptian remains of unique historical interest. Cairo is divided into several distinct quarters, as Coptic, Jewish, and Frank quarters, which were formerly separated by gates.
The new quarter, called residence of tives, has many of the houses in the tached. of Europeans and wealthy nalled Ismailiyeh, the Italian style, with large gardens atresidence of Europeans and wealthy na- The new quarter, called Ismailiyeh, the CAIRO prise many of the finest remains of Arabian architecture, all dating from the time of the ancient sultans of Egypt.
Among these, besides mosques, chapels, and Coptic churches, are several of the ancient gates, an aqueduct for conveying water from the Nile to the citadel, the works of the citadel, and the palace and well of Joseph. At Old Cairo are the seven towers, still called the "Granary of Joseph," and serving their ancient purpose. In the island of Rhoda is the celebrated Nilometer. On the S., outside the walls, are the tombs of the Mamelukes, and on the N. E. the obelisk of Heliopolis. There are also a public CAISSON been founded till about 970; its citadel was built by Saladin in 1176, and it was the capital of the sultans of Egypt till the time of the Turkish conquest in 1517; since that time it has been the residence of the pashas, governors of the province. It was taken by the French in 1798, and held by them for more than three years. Pop. about 800,000.