Castlereagh
ROBERT STEW- ART, VISCOUNT (kas-el-rā'), second CASTLEREAGH Marquis of Londonderry, an English tary from 1797, he bent his whole enerstatesman, born June 18, 1769; was educated at Armagh, and at St. John's College, Cambridge. He turned Tory in 1795, and next year became Keeper of CASTLEREAGH statesman, born June 18, 1769; was edu- gies to forwarding Pitt's measure of by the union from Dublin to Westminster, he accepted office in the Addington ministry (1802) MEDIAEVAL CASTLE the Privy Seal; but he continued a steadfast supporter of Catholic emancipation.
Still, he believed that emancipation with an independent Irish Parliament would mean simply a transference of tyranny from the Protestant oligarchy to a Catholic democracy; hence, as Chief Secrebut the true second era in his career was as President of the Board of Control; as War Minister under Pitt from July, 1805, to January, 1806, and again under Portland from April, 1807, to September, 1809. His real greatness begins March, 1812, when, as Foreign Secretary begins with CASTLETOWN under Lord Liverpool, he became the soul of the coalition against Napoleon, which, during the momentous campaigns of 1813-1814, was kept together by him, and by him alone. He represented England at the congresses of Châtillon and Vienna in 1814-1815, at the Treaty of Paris in 1815, at the Congress of Aix-la- Chapelle in 1818; and he was preparing to start for a congress at Verona, when, on Aug. 12, 1822, in a fit of insanity, he committed suicide with a penknife at Foots Cray, his Kentish seat.
CASTLETOWN (Manx Balley Cashtal), a seaport and former capital of the Isle of Man, on Castletown Bay, 11 miles S. W. of Douglas. Castle Rushen, now a prison, occupies the site of a Danish fortress of the 10th century, which was almost wholly demolished by Robert Bruce in 1313. The grounds of Rushen Abbey (11th century), near the station, are now market gardens. Near by is the small building where the House of Keys assembled for about 170 years. Brewing, tanning, and lime-burning are carried on. Near Castletown is King William's College (1833), an Elizabethan pile, rebuilt after the fire of 1844, and enlarged in 1862. Pop. about 2,000.