Catholic Church
the universal Church, the whole body of true believers in Christ; but the term is often used as equivalent to the Roman or Western Church.
Like most other words used in ecclesiology, the term Catholic was borrowed at first from the New Testament. It occurs in some editions of the Greek original , in the titles prefixed to the Epistles of James, I and II Peter, I John, and Jude, Apo and is the word translated "general" in the Authorized Version of the Bible. The first to apply it to the Church was the Apostolic Father Ignatius. When he and his successors used it they meant to indicate that the Church of which they constituted a part comprised the main body of believers, and was designed, as it was entitled, to be universal. In this sense the Church was opposed to the sects and separate bodies of heretics who had separated themselves from it and were now outside its pale.
When, in the 8th century, the separation between the Eastern and Western Churches took place, the latter retained as one of its appellations the term "Catholic," the Eastern Church being contented with the word " Orthodox."
When the Protestant churches separated from their communion with Rome in the 16th century, those whom they had left naturally regarded them as outside the Catholic pale. They, on the other hand, declined to admit that this was the case, and the term "Catholic Church" is used in the English Liturgy apparently in the sense of all persons making a Christian profession. "More especially we pray Thee for the good estate of the Catholic Church that all who profess and call themselves Christians. See ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
CATHOLIC SUMMER SCHOOL OF AMERICA, a school under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, founded at Cliff Haven, near Plattsburg, Lake Champlain, N. Y. In general the studies resemble those of the Chautauqua Summer School. There are courses in hisence, and religion. Lessons are held from July to September of each year, and the work is continued by means of reading and study clubs.
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, an institution in Washington, D. C., founded in 1889, under the 25-Vol. II-Cyc CATILINE CATO auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and "The Breath of Life." He died in for postgraduate study exclusively. At the close of the school year 1919 the university reported: professors and instructors, 87; students, 1,835; president, Rev. T. J. Shahan.
CATILINE (LUCIUS SERGIUS CATILINA), a Roman conspirator, of patrician rank, born about 108 B. C. In his youth he attached himself to the party of Sulla, but his physical strength, passionate nature, and unscrupulous daring soon gained him an independent reputation. Despite the charges of having killed his brother-in-law and murdered his wife and son, he was elected prætor in 68 B. c., and governor of Africa in 67. In 66 B. C. he returned to Rome to contest the consulship, but was disqualified by an impeachment for maladministration in his province. Urged on by his necessities as well as his ambition, he entered into a conspiracy with other disaffected nobles. The plot, however, was revealed to Cicero, and measures were at once taken to defeat it. Thwarted by Cicero at every turn, and driven from the Senate by the orator's bold denunciations, Catiline fled, and put himself at the head of a large but illarmed following. The news of the suppression of the conspiracy and execution of the ringleaders at Rome diminished his forces, and he led the rest toward Gaul. Metellus Celer threw himself between the rebels and their goal, while Antonius pressed upon their rear, and, driven to bay, Catiline turned upon the pursuing army and perished fighting (62 в. c.).