Chamois Leather
a leather made of other animals, are also used for mak- goats, deer, calves, and the split hides of other animals, are also used for makcapra tragus), but the skins of sheep, ing this kind of leather; the superior the inferior, wash-leather. kinds of which are called chamois, and the inferior, wash-leather. ō-mil; Anthemis nobilis), a well-known plant belonging to the natural order CHAMOMILE or CAMOMILE (kam' Compositæ. It is perennial, and has slender, trailing, hairy, and branched stems. The flower is white, with a yellow center. Both leaves and flowers are bitter and aromatic. The fragrance is low center. Both leaves and flowers are color when first extracted, and used in called oil of chamomile, of a light blue due to the presence of an essential oil, the preparation of certain medicines. It called oil of chamomile, of a light blue is cultivated in gardens in the United the preparation of certain medicines. It States, and also found wild. mo'-nē), a celebrated valley in France, department Haute-Savoie, in the Pen- States, and also found wild. level. It is about 12 miles long, by 1 to 6 nine Alps, over 3,000 feet above sea- Blanc and other lofty mountains of the miles broad, its E. side formed by Mount same range, and it is traversed by the Blanc and other lofty mountains of the always snow-clad, and from these pro- Arve. The mountains on the E. side are cier de Bossons and the Mer de Glace. always snow-clad, and from these promuch frequented by tourists, and is one of the points from which they visit Mount Blanc.
CHAMPAGNE (shäm-pän'), an old province in the N. E. of France, bounded on the N. by Belgium, on the E. by Lorraine, on the S. by Burgundy, and on on the N. by Belgium, on the E. by Lor- province in the N. E. of France, bounded is now embraced in the departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, and the W. by Ile-de-France and Picardy. It Seine-et-Marne. It is a rolling country of calcareous formation, and from the vineyards on its hills are produced the famous wines of Champagne. It formed part of ancient Gaul, became known as Campania in the 6th century, and was ruled by independent native counts from part of ancient Gaul, became known as famous wines of Champagne. It formed united to the crown of France by the Fair). It was formally incorporated marriage of Joanna, heiress of Navarre with France in 1361. During the 12th and Champagne, to Philip IV. (the and 13th centuries its court was an important literary center, and the language Fair). It was formally incorporated and Champagne, to Philip IV. (the CHAMPAGNE that of the court of France. At this epoch lived the celebrated chroniclers Villehardouin and De Joinville, and the poets Chrestien de Troyes and Count Thibaut IV. On account of its frontier situation and natural conformation Champagne has been the scene of many military operations, notably during the campaigns of 1792 and 1814, in the Franco- Prussian War, and again in the World War.
CHAMPAGNE (from Champagne, in CHAMPLAIN the border of the States of Vermont and New York. Its length is about 125 miles, and its maximum depth is 280 feet. The waters find an outlet at the N. end, by the Richelieu or Sorel river, which empties into the St. Lawrence.
Since the construction of the Champlain canal (1818-1823), which connects it with the Hudson river, the lake has become an important medium of commerce between Canada and the United States.
During the wars between the United France, where it was originally made), water was the scene of numerous mili- States and Great Britain, this body of a kind of brisk, sparkling wine. Cham-tary operations. On Sept. 11, 1814, pagnes are divided into four categories: the American Commodore McDonough Sparkling Granot, Ordinary Sparkling, Half Sparkling, and Tisane de Champagne, or they may be classed as still, sparkling, and semi-sparkling. They are either sweet or dry, according to the extent to which fermentation has been carried. In the manufacture of Champagne black grapes of the first quality are usually employed.