Charcoal
an impure variety of carbon, prepared from vegetable substances or bones. Wood charcoal consists of wood burned with but little access of air. Billets of wood are built into a heap, which is covered with earth or sand. The heap is fired at openings left near the bottom of the pile, and the gases escape at small openings above. ۱ CHARCOAL For making fine charcoal, such as that process of destructive distillation regunpowder, the wood is burned in iron cylinders or rather retorts, in which a process of destructive distillation remeans the process is accurately regulated. Charcoal is used in the arts as a means the process is accurately regulated. Charcoal is used in the arts as a fuel; a polishing powder; a table on CHARENTE JEAN ETIENNE AUGUSTE, a French explorer, born at Neuilly, France, in 1867. CHARCOT, BAPTISTE several important hospitals. In 1903 he He was educated in Paris, where he later began a series of Arctic explorations in studied medicine and was attached to the region of the South Pole, an researches proved of great scientific and his value. His published writings include ति.
CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC which pieces of metal are secured in CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC position to be soldered by the blowpipe; a filter; a defecator and decolorizer of solutions and water; an absorbent of gases and aqueous vapors; a nonconduct- solutions and water; an absorbent of ing packing in ice-houses, safes, and reing packing in ice-houses, safes, and reand fire-works; in the galvanic battery and the electric light.
Animal charcoal is used largely in sugar-refining, and as a disinfectant and ing bones in closed vessels. These are either retorts, similar to those in which coal is distilled for the production of illuminating gas, or they are earthencoal is distilled for the production of Charges of 50 pounds of bones to a pot will require 16 hours of firing. The Charges of 50 pounds of bones to a pot rollers, the dust removed, and the granulated material used for charging the filters of the sugar refiner. The malated material used for charging the cies, and fermenting ingredients from "France at the South Pole"; "Around the South Pole" and many scientific articles relating to his explorations. Nov. 29, 1825. His specialty was in the the South Pole" and many scientific artreatment of nervous and mental disticles relating to his explorations. and successful experiments in hypnotism treatment of nervous and mental diseases, and he performed many curious where he founded a clinic for the treatpublished several works treating of these subjects. He died Aug. 16, 1893. ment of nervous diseases in 1880. He published several works treating of these them and make them less bitter. Beet ment of nervous diseases in 1880. He chards, the leaf stalks and midribs of a variety of white beet in which these parts are greatly developed, dressed for the table. western France, rising in the depart- CHARENTE (shä-ränt'), a river in ment of Haute-Vienne, and falling into CHARENTE the sea about 8 miles below Rochefort, opposite to the isle of Oleron, after a course of about 200 miles.