Chateaubriand
FRAN 'RANÇOIS RÉNE AUGUSTE, VICOMTE DE (shätō-brē-on'), a French statesman, traveler, novelist, and historical writer, born in St. Malo, Sept. 14, 1768. He made a voyage in search of the Northwest Passage in 1791; but on touching the American continent abandoned that quest, and proposed to himself a study of the life of the American Indians. He lived for some time among the aborigines, and the fruits of his observations were the three novels "Atala," "René," and "The Natchez," which by the charms of the literary style and the interesting poetical descriptions of life remote from civilization, won instant and great popularity. Perhaps his greatest and certainly his most ambitious work is "The Genius of Christianity" (5 vols., 1856-1857). Of works connected with literature and its by a long bridge. To the north, there was a canal, running parallel with the river and crossed by a smaller bridge.
On June 1 the Germans drove a gap through the Allied lines to the left of the town and poured through the streets toward the main bridge, intending to cross the river and establish themselves on the opposite bank. The French colonials and the Americans were sent forward to repel the attack. The Americans defended the bridge, and working with coolness and precision, though most of them were under fire for the first time, they raked the enemy line so effectively that the Germans wavered and retreated. The next night under cover of darkness they made another attempt, but were again met with a devastating fire from the American machine guns.
Some of them persisted, however, and were on the bridge when it was blown up, throwing many into the river, while those who remained on the south side of the shattered structure were immediately taken prisoner. All subsequent attempts to cross the river were nullified by a storm of machine gun fire, and the enemy finally abandoned the attempt after suffering heavy casualties.
Again in the Château-Thierry region, at Jaulgonne and Dormans, the Americans were the principal factor in checking the thrust of the German Crown Prince at Paris. It was the last great effort of the German offensive. On July 15 the enemy launched a terrific at- CHATEAU-THIERRY tack against the American position at Jaulgonne and Dormans. Twenty-five thousand of the choicest of the German troops were hurled across the Marne.
The American front was held by the 1st, 2d, 3d and 26th Divisions, with the 4th and 28th Divisions in support. Under the first fury of the assault, the American line was pushed back, but it promptly rallied and threw the Germans back across the Marne with tremendous losses.
CHATHAM front of the 3d Division sector except the dead." "On this occasion," writes General Pershing in his official report, "a single regiment of the 3d Division wrote one of the most brilliant pages in our military annals. It prevented the crossing at certain points on its front, while on either flank the Germans, who had gained a footing pressed forward. Our men, firing in three directions, met the Ger- ه L HOTEL DE VILLE, CHÂTEAU-THIERRY A paragraph from the report of the commanding General of the 3d Division thus summarized the result of the fighting on his front: "Although the rush of the German troops overwhelmed some of the front line positions, causing the infantry and machine gun companies to suffer in some cases a 50 per cent. loss, no German soldier crossed the line from Fossoy to Crezancy except as a prisoner of war, and by noon of the following day (July 16) there were no Germans in the foreman attacks with counter-attacks at critical points, and succeeded in throwing two German divisions into complete confusion, capturing 600 prisoners." CHÂTELAINE, the wife of the châtelain or Castellan, the commander of a feudal castle.
CHATHAM (chat'am), a parliamentary borough, naval arsenal, and port of England, county Kent, on the Medway, about 34½ miles by rail from London.
The importance of Chatham is due to the CHATHAM CHATTANOOGA the American colonies, and undertook the same year to form an administration, he going to the House of Lords as Earl of Chatham. But the ministry was not a success, and in 1768 he resigned. After this his principal work was his unsuccessful appeals for a conciliatory policy toward the colonies. Chatham died May 11, 1778. naval and military establishments at Brompton in its immediate vicinity. The royal dockyard was founded by Queen Elizabeth previous to the sailing of the Armada. It has been greatly enlarged in recent times, and has now capacious us docks, in which the heaviest warships can be equipped and sent directly to sea.
Building-slips, sawmills, metal-mills, etc., and all the requisites of a great naval station are here on the largest scale and in the finest order. The military establishments include extensive barracks, arsenal, and park of artillery, hospital, store-houses and magazines, etc. The town is poorly built, but is defended by a strong line of fortifications which also serve as a flank defense. Pop. about 45,000.
CHATHAM, a town of Ontario, Canada, on the Thames; 67 miles S. W. of London, with a number of flour, wool, and steel mills and foundries, sugar, automobile, carriage, metal, cement, packing, tobacco, fertilizer plants, etc., etc., and an active trade in grain, pork, and wood. Pop. about 15,000. Also a port of entry in the N. of New Brunswick, on the Miramichi, 6 miles N. E. of Newcastle, with a good harbor, shipyards, foundries, and other industries, a Catholic cathedral, and a college. Pop. about 5,000.