Home › C › Clemens (TITUS FLAVIUS known as CLEMENT)
Clemens (TITUS FLAVIUS known as CLEMENT)
TITUS FLAVIUS, known as CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA, one of the fathers of the Church; born about the middle of the 2d century. Of his early career so little is known that it is doubt- CLEMENT VI. ful whether he was born at Alexandria or at Athens; but about the year 189 he succeeded Pantænus in the catechetical school of the former city and taught there until 202, when the edict of Severus compelled him to seek a new abode. POPE, and one of the apostolic fathers; born about A. D. 30. It is supposed that about 220.
CLEMENT I., CLEMENS ROMANUS, POPE, and one of the apostolic fathers; born about A. D. 30. It is supposed that he is the same Clement mentioned by St.
Paul (Phil. iv: 3) as one of his fellowlaborers. He was, according to Catholic tradition, baptized by St. Peter, and ordained Bishop of Rome in 91, succeeding to Anacletus. Among the writings which are attributed to him are one preserved by the Syriac Church; the two collections of apostolical canons and conmitted as genuine); two other epistles preserved by the Syriac Church; the two collections of apostolical canons and constitutions; and the "Clementines," a narrative of his life, and of his connection and journeys with St. Peter. He is accounted a saint and martyr in the Roman calendar, his festival being Nov. 23. He died about 100, and was succeeded by Evaristus.
CLEMENT II. (SUIDGER), was of Saxon birth, and in 1046 succeeded Gregory VI., who was Pope during the tenure of Benedict IX. He crowned Henry III. Emperor, and died 1047; and at his of Benedict IX. He crowned Henry III.
Emperor, and died 1047; and at his death, Benedict was restored to the papal see. a crusade CLEMENT III., succeeded Gregory VIII. in 1187, preached against the Saracens; died 1191, and was succeeded by Celestine III.
CLEMENT IV. (GUIDO FULCODI), succeeded Urban IV. in 1265. He signed, CLEMENT IV. (GUIDO FULCODI), with St. Louis of France, the "Pragmatic Sanction," which put an end to the differences existing between Rome and France. He died in Viterbo, 1268. His death was followed by a long interregnum.
CLEMENT V. (BERTRAND DE GOT), succeeded Benedict XI. in 1305, and removed the residence of the Popes from Rome to Avignon. He was the tool of Philip the Fair of France, and, at his desire, suppressed the order of Knights immediate successor.
CLEMENT VI. (PIERRE ROGER), a native of Limousin, succeeded Benedict XII. in 1342. During his pontificate, Rienzi attempted to establish the republic at Rome. His learning and eloquence are applauded by Petrarch. He died in Avignon, 1352. His successor was Innocent VI.
CLEMENT VII.
CLEMENT VII. (GIULIO DE MEDICI), nephew of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and cousin of Leo X., succeeded Adrian VI. in 1523. He entered into the "holy league" with Francis I. of France, the Italian princes, and Henry VIII. of England, against the Emperor Charles V. In the war which ensued, Rome was taken and plundered, and the Pope himself was shut up in the castle of St. Angelo. He had, consequently, to make terms with Charles. Subsequently, Henry VIII., having repudiated Catharine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn, Clement excommunicated him in 1534. This occasioned a schism, and ultimately resulted in the separation of England from the Church of Rome. He died in 1534, and was succeeded by Paul III.
CLEMENT VIII. (IPPOLITO ALDO- BRANDINI), born in Fano, 1536, was elected in 1592, succeeding Innocent IX.
He absolved Henry IV. of France, upon that monarch making public profession of Catholicism, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing about the peace of Vervins in 1598. He elevated to the rank of cardinal, Baronius, Bellarmine, and other distinguished men, and was a learned and sagacious pontiff. He died in 1605 and was succeeded by Leo XI.
CLEMENT IX. (GIULIO ROSSPIGLI- OSI), born in Pistoia, 1600; succeeded Alexander VII. in 1667. During his pontificate, Candia was taken from the Venetians by the Turks. He died in 1666, and was succeeded by CLEMENT X. (EMILIO ALTIERI), born in 1590. Being of great age, the government was left in the hands of Cardinal Paluzzi, a distant relative. He died in 1676, and was succeeded by Innocent XI.
CLEMENT XI. (GIOVANNI (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO ALBANI), born in Pesaro, 1649, succeeded Innocent XII., 1700. His pontificate was disturbed by the quarrels of the Jesuits and the Jansenists, and on issuing the famous bull "Unigenitus," a schism was produced, which lasted many years, between France and Rome. He died in 1721, and was succeeded by Innocent XIII.
CLEMENT XII. (LORENZO DI COR- SINI), born in Florence, 1652, succeeded Benedict XIII. in 1730, and reformed many abuses of the Church. He died in 1740, and was succeeded by Benedict XIV.
CLEMENT XIII. (CARLO REZZONICO), born in Venice, 1693, succeeded Benedict XIV., 1758. The Jesuits having been expelled from France, Spain, Portugal, and Naples, he made great but useless efforts to reinstate them. In 1768 he lost Avi- CLEON gnon and Benevento. He died in 1769.
There is a splendid mausoleum to him in St. Peter's, executed by Canova, who was eight years employed on it. He was succeeded by CLEMENT XIV. (GIOVANNI VINCENZO ANTONIO GANGANELLI), born in St. Arcangelo, 1705. Being of a conciliating disposition, he lived on good terms with all the European courts, and recovered Avignon and Benevento, which had been lost under the preceding pontiff. Pressed to decide the question of the abolition of the order of the Jesuits, he, in 1773, after temporizing for several years, issued the bull ordaining their suppression. He died in 1774, and was succeeded by Pius VI.