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Copeland (CHARLES TOWNSEND an American)

CHARLES TOWNSEND, an American author and educator, born in Calais, Me., in 1860. He graduated from Harvard University in 1882. From 1893 to 1910 he was lecturer on English literature at Harvard, assistant professor from 1910 to 1917, and associate professor from 1917. He was Harvard University lecturer in the Lowell Institute COPENHAGEN English literature. He was the author of "Life of Edwin Booth" (1901), and edited "Letters of Thomas Carlyle to His Youngest Sister"; "Tennyson's The Princess"; and the works of other English poets.

COPENHAGEN (Merchants' Haven), the capital of Denmark, and headquarters of the national commerce, literature, and art; situated on the shore of the island of Zealand, in the Sound, which is here about 12 miles broad; an outlying portion, Christianshavn, stands at the N. end of the island of Amager or Amak, which is separated from Zealand by a narrow arm of the sea. The channel forms a fine and capacious harbor, which is bridged over so as to connect Christianshavn and the main part of the city at two points. To counterbalance the expected injury to the city's commerce from the opening of the Baltic Canal, a great free port (free from customs dues) was constructed in 1890-1894 to the N. of the harbor. The business quarter stretches from the harbor in a N. E. direction toward the principal and central square, Kongens Nytorv, which in itself forms the focus of the life of the city. Farther N. E. of this point lies the aristocratic quarter, with the handsome Amalienborg Square and its royal and ministerial palaces.

Among its few buildings of historical interest or intrinsic beauty, the metropolitan cathedral church, known as Vor Frue Kirke, possesses a baptismal font, designed and in part executed by Thorwaldsen. Trinitatis Kirke is remarkable for its round tower, which is ascended by a winding causeway instead of steps; and Holmens' Kirke contains interesting monuments to the great naval heroes, Juel and Tordenskjöld. The royal palace, called Christiansborg, was rebuilt between 1794 and 1828. The principal part of the vast building was destroyed by fire in 1884. Happily most of the pictures in its great art gallery were saved. The castle of Rosenborg (1610-1624), where the regalia are kept, contains interesting art objects; and the palace of Charlottenborg (1624), is now used as an academy of arts. The university was founded by Christian I. in 1479. Connected with the university are a surgical academy, an observatory, a botanical garden, a zoological museum, a polytechnic institution, and a library of 250,000 volumes, containing also a great collection of ancient Persian MSS., and another of ancient Northern MSS. Copen- Danish hagen is the center, not only of Danish, but Northern literature and art, and is the seat of a number of societies, among 10-Vol. III-Cyc COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY beer, and tobacco are manufactured.

COPERNICUS into two segments, viz., a cephalothorax and an abdomen. There are two pairs of antennæ, two pairs of footjaws, and five pairs of ordinary feet furnished with bristles and adapted for swimming.

There are two families, the cyclopidæ, which have but a single eye; and the cetochilide, which have two eyes. The English book-name of the Copepoda is oar-footed crustaceans.