Collier's New Encyclopedia

A complete general encyclopedia of 1921 — the world as it was understood just after the Great War, from Aachen to Zwingli, across twelve volumes and six thousand pages.

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Cyanides

chemical compounds which contain the monad radical (CN)', combined with a metallic element, as K (CN)', potassium cyanide, or with a hydrocarbon radical, as CH2. (CN) methyl cyanide. Cyanides can be obmixtained synthetically by heating a mix- ture of potassium carbonate and charture of potassium coal to redness in a porcelain tube, and passing nitrogen gas through the tube.

Also formed when an organic body containing nitrogen is heated in a tube with metallic sodium. If cyanides are dissolved in water rendered alkaline by potash or soda, then a mixture of ferrous and ferric sulphates is added, and the mixture is rendered acid with dilute hydrochloric acid, a blue color of ferrocyanide of iron being formed. If the liquid containing a cyanide be made acid with a few drops of hydrochloric acid, and then a little yellow ammonium sulphide be added, and the liquid gently evaporated till the excess of sulphide is volatilized, the residue will give a red color when a few drops of tincture of iron are added. Cyanides give a curdy CYCLOMETER white precipitate with silver nitrate, which is insoluble in cold nitric acid, the dry precipitate, Ag (CN)', when heated in a small glass tube, giving off cyanogen. Cyanides may be formed by dissolving metallic oxides or hydroxides in a solution of hydrocyanic acid, H.CN, also by double decomposition of metallic salts, with potassium cyanide if the resulting cyanide is insoluble.

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