Drawing
the art of representing upon a flat surface the forms of objects, and their positions and relations to each other. The idea of nearness or distance is given by the aid of perspective, foreshortening, and graduation. The term drawing, in its strict sense, is only applicable to the representing of the forms of objects in outline, with the shading necessary to develop roundness or modelling. In art, however, the term has DRAWING AND QUARTERING 421 DREAMS a wider significance. Highly finished 1836. He entered the Confederate army paintings in water-color are called upon the outbreak of the Civil War. He drawings, as are also sketches or studies in oils. Drawing, in its restricted sense, may be divided into these kinds: (1) (1) pen drawing; (2) chalk drawing, which may include lead-pencil drawing; (3) crayon drawing; (4) drawing shaded with the brush or hair-pencil; (5) architectural or mechanical drawing.
Architectural and mechanical drawings are those in which the proportions of a building, or machine, are accurately set out for the guidance of the constructor; objects are in general delineated by geometric or orthographic projection.
The great schools of painting differ from one another as much in their drawing as in their painting. In Italy the Roman school, through Raphael's fine sense for the beautiful and expressive in form, and through his study of the antique, became the true teacher of beautiful drawing. The Florentine school tried to surpass the Roman precisely in this particular, but it lost by exaggeration what it had gained by learning and a close study of anatomy. drawing is seen through harmonious coloring, and in the Venetian school the drawing is often veiled in the richness of the color. The Dutch school excels in a careful and minute style of naturalistic drawing, combined with great excellence in coloring. The French school in the time of Poussin was very accurate in its drawing; at a later period its style betrayed a great amount of mannerism.
David introduced again a purer taste in drawing and a close study of the antique, and these are qualities which distinguished his school (the so-called classical school) from the romantic and eclectic schools of a later period. The drawing of the British school is naturalistic rather than academic. It has of late years much improved in accuracy and expressiveness.
Lombard school a tender style