Edict of Nantes
an edict by which, on April 13, 1598, Henry IV. of France granted toleration to his Protestant subjects. bjects. It was revoked on Oct. 22, 1685, by Louis XIV., the unwise act causing the expatriation of about 50,000 Protestant families, who carried their industry to England and other lands. EDINBURGH (ed'n-bur-ō), the metropolis of Scotland and one of the finest as well as most ancient cities in the British empire; lies within 2 miles of the S. shore of the Firth of Forth. It is picturesquely situated, being built on three eminences which run in a direction from E. to W., and surrounded on all sides by lofty hills except on the N., where the ground slopes gently toward the Firth of Forth. The central ridge, which constituted the site of the ancient city is terminated by the castle on the W., situated on a high rock and by Holyrood House on the E., not far from which rise the lofty elevations of Salisbury Crags, Arthur's Seat (822 feet high), and the Calton Hill overlooking the city. The valley to the N., once the North Loch, but now drained and traversed by the North British railway, leads to the New Town on the rising ground beyond. The houses here are all built of a beautiful white freestone found in the neighborhood.
From Prince's street, which is lined by fine gardens adorned with Sir Walter Scott's monument and other notable buildings, a magnificent view of the Old Town with its picturesque outline may be obtained. The principal street of the Old Town is that which occupies the crest of the ridge on which the latter is built, and which bears at different points the names of Canongate, High street, Lawnmarket, and Castle Hill. This ancient and very remarkable street is upward of a mile in length, rising gradually with a regular incline from a small plain at the E. end of the town, on which stands the palace of Holyrood, and ter- EDINBURGH minating in the huge rock on which the castle is built, 383 feet above sea-level.
The houses are lofty and of antique appearance . Among the notable buildings are the ancient Parliament House, now the seat of the supreme courts of Scotchurch or cathedral, an imposing edifice in the later Gothic style, recently recently carefully restored; the Tron Church; Victoria Hall (where the Genthe Established Church meets), with a fine spire; the Bank of Scotland, etc.
Scotland, etc. From this main street in regular rows numerous narrow lanes called closes; those which are broader, and admit of the pascarriages, are called wynds. In these and the adjacent streets the houses are frequently more than 120 feet in height, and divided into from 6 to 10 stories, or flats. In the Old Town the most remarkable public building is the castle. This fortress contains accommo- EDINBURGHSHIRE and George IV. Bridge), stands the reportion of the city, which is mostly modern . Besides the buildings already noticed Edinburgh possesses a large number of important edifices and institutions , chief among which are the of Scotland, the Museum of Science and Royal Institution , the National Gallery Art, the new Episcopal Cathedral of St.
Mary's, etc. Among the more prominent educational institutions are the university , the high school, the academy, the New or Free Church Theological College, the United Presbyterian Theological Hall, the Edinburgh School of Medicine, the Veterinary College, the Fettes Col- Watt College and Literature. The manufactures of College of Science Edinburgh are neither extensive nor important.
Printing, book-binding, coachbuilding, type-founding, machine-making, furniture-making furniture-making, ale-brewing, and disprincipal industries. Edin- EDINBURGH CASTLE dations for 2,000 soldiers, and the armory space for 30,000 stand of arms.
The palace of Holyrood, or Holyrood House, stands, at the lower or E. extrem- , stands, at the lower or E. extremity of the street leading to the castle.
No part of the present palace is older than the time of James V. (1528), while the greater portion of it dates only from the time of Charles II. In the N. W. angle of the building are the apartments which were occupied by Queen Mary. the palace are the ruins of the chapel belonging to the Abbey of Holyrood, founded in 1128 by David I. The Advocates' Library, the largest library in Scotland, contains upward of 250,000 printed volumes and 2,000 MSS.
On the S. side of the Old Town, and separated from it also by a hollow crossed by two bridges (the South Bridge burgh is the headquarters of the book chief government departments. trade in Scotland, and the seat of the Its name is thought to be derived from The origin of Edinburgh is uncertain. is uncertain.
Eadwinsburh , the Burgh of Edwin, a powerful powerful Northumbrian king, who abin his rule. The town was made a royal burgh in the time of David I.; but it was not until that it became the recognized capital of Scotland. Pop. (1918) 333,833.