Eight-Hour Day
the period fixed y the demand of the international labor ad taken refuge. ay's work. With the introduction of disturbances of that time. This princidisturbances of that time. This princifiercely fought by the manufacturers and other employers, who contended that it was a matter to be regulated only side interfernce, but organized labor and its friends contended that the status of the single, unorganized workers was economically too weak to enable him to have a voice in regulating an agreement with his employer. It was him to have a voice in regulating an In the matter of legislation as well as an employer of labor the Federal Governtment has taken the lead. In 1869 Congress enacted the first eight-hour law, applying it to the workers in the United EIMEO States navy yards. Now all workers directly employed by the Federal Government are similarly protected, and in 1912 Congress enacted a law making the eight-hour day a part of the contract with all private firms or employers working for the Federal Government, with some minor exceptions. Most of the States have passed similar legislation for their directly employed workers, and a large number have followed the large example of the Federal Government in extending it to contract work. The tendency to enact and extend such legislation continues to increase; in 1919 seven States passed laws in this direction-Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. A smaller number of States have already begun to enforce the eight-hour day in private industry, notably for women and children and mine workers.
Among these are Utah and North Dakota. Organized labor has enforced this standard with even more success; at the present time the eight-hour day is universal in the building and printing trades and in coal mining.
EIMEO (I'me-o), one of the French Society Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, about 10 miles W. N. W. of Tahiti, the principal member of the group. Area, 51 square miles; population, about 1,500. It consists of deep valleys and abrupt hills-the former well cultivated, and the latter heavily timbered. Here Christianity was first introduced in Polynesia; and here the South Sea College of the London Missionary Society was established. Most of the natives are Protestants.
EINBECK (in'-), or EIMBECK, a town of Hanover; situated on the Ilme, 23 miles N. of Göttingen by rail.
Though a place of considerable importance in the 15th century, and a Hanse city, it has decayed greatly in recent times.
EINSIEDELN (in'zē-deln), a town of Switzerland, in the canton of Schwyz, 27 miles S. E. of Zurich by rail. In Einsiedeln great numbers of prayer-books, sacred images, wax candles, rosaries, medallions, etc., are made. The town is, however, chiefly celebrated for its Benedictine abbey, to which some 200,000 pilgrims resort annually to worship at the shrine of a black image of the Virgin, Sept. 14 being the principal day in the year. The abbey itself was founded in the 10th century, and after being repeatedly destroyed by fire, was rebuilt as a quadrangle in the Italian style in 1704-1719. It contains a valuable library with several incunabula and MSS., these last dating from the 8th to the 12th cen- EISNER tury; also a museum of natural science and natural history. Rudolph of Hapsburg elevated the abbot of Einsiedeln to the dignity of a prince of the empire in 1274. Near the town the Austrians under Jellachich were defeated by the French under Masséna on Aug. 14, 1799.