Faraday
MICHAEL, an English the trade of a bookbinder. During his or no education and was apprenticed to himself to the study of, and experiterm of apprenticeship, a few scientific works fell into his hands, and he devoted phry Davy, and taken notes thereon, he ments in, electricity. Having attended sent them to that great philosopher, and the lectures given in 1812 by Sir Humbesought some scientific occupation. The reply was prompt and favorable. In 1813 ant, under Sir Humphry, at the Royal Institution. After a continental tour in Faraday was appointed chemical assistcompany with his patron, Faraday, still covered, in 1820, the chlorides of carbon, and, in the following year, the mutual covered, in 1820, the chlorides of carbon, pursuing his scientific investigations, dis- company with his patron, Faraday, still rotation of a magnetic pole and an electric current. These discoveries led to optical glass; but though unsuccessful in electric current. These discoveries led to the condensation of gases in 1823. In he labored on the production of produced the heavy glass which afterward proved of great assistance to him his immediate object, his experiments ward proved of great assistance to him the series of "Experimental Researches in Electricity," published in the "Philosophical Transactions," began with the sophical Transactions," began with the in Electricity," published in the "Philocurrents, and the evolution of electricity day established the principle of definite from magnetism. Three years later Faraford medals for his discoveries of diaelectrolytic action, and in 1846 received at the same time the Royal and the Rumford medals for his discoveries of diahe discovered the magnetic character of magnetism, and of the influence of magoxygen, and, also, the magnetic relations of flame and gases. His papers, includmention in detail. In 1833 Faraday was ing other contributions to the store of modern science, are too numerous to he continued to hold until his death. In appointed Professor of Chemistry in the Royal Institution, London, which chair sion of $1,500 per annum in recognition of his eminent scientific merits. In 1836 1835 he received from government a pen- 1842 he was chemical lecturer at the he was appointed a member of the senate Royal Academy. In 1823 Faraday was of London University. From 1829 to elected corresponding member of the French Academy, in 1825 he was chosen FAR EASTERN QUESTION a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1832 made a D. C. L. of Oxford University. He was, besides, a knight of several of the European orders, and a member of the chief learned and scientific societies in Europe and the United States. He died in Hampton Court, Aug. 25, 1867.