Florida
a State in the South Atlantic division of the North American Union, bounded by Alabama, na, Georgia, the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Straits of Florida; area, 58,680 square miles; admitted as a State in 1845; number of counties, 54. Pop. (1890) 391,422; (1900) 528,542; (1910) 751,139; (1920) 968,470; capital, Tallahassee.
Topography. The surface of the State is very low and flat, gradually rising from a few feet above sea-level along the coast to a central ridge with an altitude of about 300 feet. The flat lands extending along the coasts consist of open grass-grown savannahs, cypress swamps, pine forests, and "cabbage hammocks," so called from the extensive growth of the cabbage palms. The W. part of the State, excepting on the coast, is quite hilly. The S. part of the peninsula is built up of successive coral 1 on HOLME 30 Campbellton 85° Graceville Malone Bascom Greenwood JACKSON Marianna Chattahoochee R B Flint Re Bainbridge Cairo amonia R G Valdosta Thomasville eneads Chattahooche River • Mt. Grethe Conopτάκη GADSDEN Festus Ins Havas JfRckson Muccosukee Watso Quincy Bonita Cottondale ble Aycock Aberdeen Butler Chipley Kynesville Senes Cypress Round Lake Grand Ridge Ridge Inw Wausau Compass Alliance Vernon 9.Lake Altha WASHING Betts Chasono Selmano Greenhead Carro 2 O Alamo Midway L.
Greensboro Gregory Chipola ΤΟΝ Fountain Clarksville Bristol Horsford Merial Econina na Blountstown Bennett Frink Marys ee 10 Quitman Ashville Lovetts Monticello Pinetta Lloyd Pinhook Greenville Madison LEON Jennings Lee Aucilla Holland Chaires JEFFER MADISONO Hopewell C Statenville Bakers Mill Oke fenokee- A 82° Folkston Satilla R.
E St. Marys Swamp Boulogne Kings Ferr Suwanoochee Blounts-Ferry Benton HAMILTON Belmont Westlake Jasper Falmouth Genoa Baxter White Springs-Taylor Lamont Moseler Ellaville Suwanee Wadiss Bloxham TALLAHASSEE Waukeenah Ward Springhill WoodSON 5000 4 00 1450 Barheadungstown ville Estiffanulg port High Point Raven AY Scotts allFile Majette Kinar llaway Idlewoodo Trump LIBERTY Promantou Wewah Iola Coghitchkas Blas Wotapнo Bellis Farmdale Douglas St. Andrews Pt. ver street Apala Henslero St.Joseph Bay Port Suint Joe Apalachicóla C.San Blas ST. VINCERTS 1.
Sumatra Benhaden Woodvil Vereen WAKULLA Smithcreek Ashmore Aucilla Econfina R St. Marks Crawfordsville Medart Sepchoppy Dicksons B.
McIntyre FRANKLIN BeeNe und DOG 1. -Apalachicolo St. George Sor Bay C.St.George ST.GEORGE 1.
St.Teresa 29 G UL 3 28 4 27 5 Hall Boyd Chancy of wanee St Marys R.
Hilhard Crandall CUMBERLAND ISLAND St. Marys Entrance 81° NASSAU Fernandina Callahan Kent Bahoomas Duval Dinsmore FL Georg BAKER DEVOL @ksonville Berrin Newbury Live Oak Brown Sanderson Houstono Wellborn O Day SUWANEE Luraville Shady Grove Waylonzo Fen- Perry halloway Mayo TAYLOR APALACHEE BAY FLORIDA SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 30 40 60 SCALE OF KILOMETRES 60 80 0 10 20 40 County Towns + ✓ Call Alton Steinhatchee Register Salem Thelma Agnes Stephensville Deadman B.
Pine Pt.
Stein hatchee R. 4 C Pinemount Emerson Randolph 8. Jackson St. Nicholas o Clen praticienny Plumm COLUMBIA Colustee St. Mary Maxville mer O Atlantic Beach Hogan Rablo Beach Greenland o Palm Valley Bayard Orange ParkMandarin peruit Switzer Cove S Watertown Lake City Highland Rafford Peoria Lulu Johnstown Lawtey Middleburg land Columbia 4 Butler CLAY BRADFORD Green Cove Dukes New River Brooker Starke Belmore Sprs.
Brien Branford Downing White 10 Mallory Jonesboro Jena Old Town Horssshoe TE Suwannee Sd. 0 F 80 100 100 120 140 Railroads High Sprs. La Crosse Hampton Alachua Wald Grandin Colee Lenco Rivere Bostwick Federal Willeford Fewade •Bell Clark Cadillac Orange Heights Florahome Wannee 이 Millereek New Augustine Augustine Anastasia JOHNS Moultrie Hurds Armstrong Crescent Beach Hastings ALACHU Melrose PUTNAM Orange Mills Newberry Gainesville Trenton Arredonda.
Judson Suwane Archer Interlachen E. Palatka Windsor Campville Interla Palatka Keuka Edgarka Grove Par Hawthorn Rochelle Matanzas Inlet Summer Haven Yelvington San Mateo Matanzas Sisco Cy. Dinner Island Espunbla FLAGLER OfHuntington Bunnell Poinona Rodinan Orange Sprs. Welak, OH Albion Micano Evinsten Citra Norwalko Fruitla Chiefland Janney Rocky McIntosh Bronson Willistono Fairfieldo Montbrook Blitchton Morriston Vista LEVY Cedar Keyso Otter Cr.
Rosewood Gulf Hammock 0 Boardman Georgetown L.Kerro o Reddick Eureka Ho Lowell Anthony Of Dupont Bulow Favoretta Lake Seville George Pierson Ormond ATLANTIC Holly Hill Seabreeze MARION Baperia Barberville Daytona Beach Grahamsville York Leroy Ocala Lebanon Rockwell Shady Withlacoochee B. Nithlacoochee Dunuellon Citronelle Holder -kla Daytona Port Orange Astor Park Astor Mossbluff Dexters Deleon Springs VOLUSIA Ponce Park New Smyrna Hawks Park OCEAN To Paisleye De Land Indian Sprs Mosquito Lagoon Altoona Candles wa Galter Belleview Stanton ton Pittman Weirsdale Summerfield Lady L.Hi Wildwood Grand Id.
Montclair Popka Crowsbluff Beresford Crystal R. Hernando Tania Oxford Higlev Umafilla.
Crystal B.
Ozello CITRUS Homosassa Chassahowitzka B.
Le burgo Eustis Mt. Dora L.Helen Orange City Enterpris ela o erprise Osteen Oak Hil Sunford esa Tangerine L. Mary Geneva Cole Sumterville L. Harri m..n Inverness Floral City Maple Bushnell Bloomfield Astatula Istachatta Webstero HERNANDO Crooni Bay City Freeman o Brooksville Aripekas Envilleo Sagano Jessamine Bayonet Pt. (Hudson Port Richey Security Tarpon Sprs Sutherland HOG 1.0 Ozona Dunedine Linden o Victoria SEMINOLE Apopka Apopka o Center Hith M Powerla Mascotte Longwood Oviedo Mims Eatonville o Chuluota Winter Park ORANGE Orlando Christmas Winter Gar.O Oakland 20lermont Pinecastle Taft glake acoocheetMontevista E. Tohopekaligu Trilby S. Antonio anco Greenpond Blanton Richland PASCO O Kissimmee obel Dog Cloud Pasco Greer O Anelote Odessa, Zephrhill so o Millard Morse Tohopekaliga Myrtle • Knights Lakel Davenport Aand Haines City Auburndale Lake Alfred Carters Winterbayen Eagle Lake Lierce Belleairo W/Tampa Gary Seffner Alatia Mulberry POLK ㅇ anchton Kathleen o Keystone Park Branchton c Nowatney Thonotosassa Plant City HILLSBOROUGH Largoora Tampa Riverview Of Clearwater Harbor Flora o Anona Tampa Serainole M 6 Port Tampa B. Cits Bay Narcoossee Alligator L.
Peghorn 0 Shiloh Turnbul 1 30 2 29 Titusville False Cape 3 Fox L. MERBITTS Sharpes City Pt.
Cocoa Rockledge A Z. Washington L. Cypress Adna o OSCEOLA L. Kissimmee Whittier Weohyakakka L. Arbuckle • Bartow Crooked L.) Phosphoria Lithia Keysyille Lake Wales Balmo Tigerbay L. Baffum Lillibridge Ft. Meade Fredonia, Wimauma Bowling Green Avon Park Maud Wauchula Gulfporto, Petersburg LONG KEY Pass-a-griile Egmont Tampa Golf City Parish Ceia Ellenton Rye natee T Ft.Green Of Palmetto Cortez Braidentown Blount MANATEE LONG KEY Indian Beach Sarasota 1101 Miakka Lily R SARASOTO KEY Bayonne Sandy Venice Rock Pt.
Grove City Miakka Pinelevel Po Peace K Zolfo Altman Sebring • Crewsvill Sweetwater Gardner Brownville Arcadia I. Stearns L. Marion Lokoseeo E B ISLAND Courte Nathan C.Canaveral nay Artesia dianola Georgiana Indian R.
Lotus Banyan Gallie Melbourne Malabar Valkaria Grant & 28 Micco d Roselandbastian Fellsmere Orchid Wabasso Stanwood Stanwood Quay Narrows Toledo Gifford Olney ST. Veroc Oslod Ft. Drum.
Viking Indian R. Iniet St. Lucied 4 Ft. Pierce White City Eldred Ankona OKEECHOBEE Bassenger Kissimmee Istokpoga L.Childs DESOTO- Owens Nocatee Harbor Vie Murdocko Englewoon GASPARILLA 1.
Bocagrande LACOSTA 1.
Hul Orden Ft.
Adrian Venus Palmadale Sparkman Fisheating Gr.
Bairdville Cleveland • Bermont eating Hall City ating Cre Citrus Center N.Labelle MeGall Charlotte Harbor Rialla Placids Votte Ha Char d Acline later Bokeeliar Hansfordo Museo Edge Turners Labelle Alva peohall Ro Denaud Owanita Pineland nd Pine Id. Sd.
CAPTIVA Captiva Wulfert I Caloosa Buckingham Ft.Myers Punta Rossa Sanibel Estero Bonita Sprsk SANIBEL Bayview Eddy o Okeechobee Lake Okeechobee Lakeport Moore Haven Hicpochee Immokalee- L. Tratford Ritta Eden LUCI E Walton Jensen Waveland Stuarto Sewalls Pt.
Salerno Gomez Hobe Sound St. Lucie Inlet 27 ter Inlot Jupiter PALM Gladecrest S West Palm Beach Palm GSAW GRASS BHyplouzo BIG CYPRESS SWAMP Seminole Ind. Res Drainag Fort Shackleford Beach Lake Worth Lantana Boynton 5 Delrayo Yamato Bocaratone Deerfield Pompano BROWARED Naples Big Marco Pass Marco Caxambas Caxambas Pass Cape Romano Bay Chokoloske Gullivans Be Everglade RABBITT KEY PAVILION ΚΕΥΘ TEN THOUSAND ISLANDS Rodgers Run Ponce de Leon B.
C.Sable N.W.Cape Roger's Harney's E Rt. Lauderdale Davie Danin Inlet New River 26 Hallandale jus Fulfordo Biscayne Arch Creek Lemon CityLittleriver ADADE Cocoanut Grove Buena Vista Larkinso Kendallo Cutler Perrine Black Point アニミニNaranja Homestead Florida City o White Water B Mangrove Swampe East Cape Flamingo FLORIDA BAY SUGARLOAF K.
SADDLEBUNCH K.
BOCA CHICA Knights Key VACA KEYS NO NAME KEY BAHIA HONDA E BIG PINE K.
BOOT KEY 81° Barnes Sound Miami C.Florida 0 Soldiers Key 6 MARGATE SHOALS J.L.Jones Key Biscayne Bay KEY LARGO B. A. Russell Garden Cove Martin Key Planter LONG 1.
PPER METACOMBE KEY LOWER METACOMBE KEY KEY KEYS F 25 31 A Nokomis Century o Bluffspringso Rineville McDay IL 87° Brewton Escambia Jay o Cora o Pine Barren ES Earnestville PerdidoR 6 Musqogee • Dixonville Catawba Bottso B Falco well low R Samson 86° A Ganger M Florala Paxton Lakewood Laurelhül Rock Brick Dak Grove Berrydale Munson Blackman Ste Stella Garden Cityo Red Rock Hill Baker Dorcas SANTA Molinoc Wallace Ford Holt Cottagehill Roeville Harold Cantonment Milton 0 Pace A Geneva Esto Noma HOLMES Glendale Westvillero Caryville Silas Darlington Dady Gordono Ealum Ponce de Leon Deerland e De Funiak Argyl Springs Graceville Aycock Carylle Chipler Alfordo WASHING ALTON Springs Vernon RANetts Valparaisol Robinson Pinewood Avondale Holley Redbay o Portland Freeport East B. Howello sti Garniers Bolton Millview Pensacola Wrighto Perdido B Warrington Barrancaso Harper tigh Bruce choctawhatchee Bay Pt.
Pestin SANTA ROSA Farri Shoals Mary Esther Pensacola Santa Rosa Su Camp Walton Washington Norum Compass Lo TON Betts Greenhend Fountain Ebro Noles Econfinap Bennett Pine Merialo Log Y Vestbay Southport Bayhead Lynn Haven High Pt.
Santa Rosa North Arm 20 GULF OF MEXICO Longitude 87° A Copyright. I I. Poates Eng. Co.. 1921 Northwestern Portion of FLORIDA
Same Scale as Main Map West from B Longitude 84° 31 Majette Bay Millville St. Andrews B. Parker Bay Harbor Cook Cromanton Wetappe 86° San Blas Auburn Falmdale C Greenwich West C from 83° GreenwichD Key West FLORIDA dikes; the upper part being occupied by Lake Okechobee, whose shallow waters are penetrated in all directions by a netextensive swamp covering the entire lower part of the State. The Everglades are penetrated in all directions by a network of small, shallow streams, and at short intervals over the entire area are found wooded islands covered with semishort intervals over the entire area are found wooded islands covered with semitropical vegetation. These islands are supposed to have been formerly sur- rounded by the ocean and to have borne supposed to have been formerly surrounded by the ocean and to have borne the same relation to the mainland as do the reefs and keys of to-day. The Everglades are separated from the Gulf by extensive cypress swamps, the forests extending down the W. coast, narrowing out around the cape, and extending up along the Atlantic coast. Many of the Florida swamps are so densely over, grown with vegetation that they have been explored but little and are considered impassable. Among these are the Great Cypress in the S. part, and the sidered impassable. Among these are the Great Cypress in the S. part, and the Fen Holloway and Wakulla swamps farther N. The Okefenoke swamp in the extreme N. extends over into the State of Georgia. Almost the entire Atlantic coast is protected from the ocean by sand bars and coral reefs. Florida is noted for the number, size, and clearness of her springs, the most famous being the Silver Spring near Ocala in Marion county, with an estimated output of 300,000,000 gallons daily. Other notable springs are the Wakulla, near Tallahassee, the Wekiva in Orange county, and the Blue in Marion county. There are numerous sulphuretted springs along the coast; one near St. Augustine, 2 miles out at sea, boils so violently that the waves break against it as though it were a sunken reef. There are numberless lakes, many being aggregations of smaller
The largest are Okechobee, springs. break against it as though it were a sunken reef. There are numberless lakes, many being aggregations of smaller Dexter, Apopka, Harris, and Eustis.
These lakes are usually quite shallow and are in many cases connected with the sea by subterranean passages, often causing strange fluctuations, rising and falling at irregular periods. and are in many cases connected with art of the State is of Upper greater part Eocene or Vicksburg limestone, while the coasts and the S. parts are mostly Postpliocene, or coralline limestone. Considerable phosphate exists in various forms, land and river pebble, hard and soft rock, and vertebrate remains, the hard rock extending in a belt running S. E. from Tallahassee to the S. E. part of Pasco county.
Mineral Production. The only important mineral product is phosphate rock. About
1,500,000 tons, valued at about $4,000,000, are produced annually. Other Mineral Production.-The only impor- FLORIDA are mineral products lime, and mineral waters. fuller's earth, Soil. The soil is mostly sandy, but composed vegetable matter, produce a The surface soil, depending on the character of the underlying rock, is rich in phosphates, and these, together with decomposed vegetable matter, produce a and pine grow extensively, while the very rich soil. In the N. and middle portions of the State, the oak, hickory, cover the S. portions. long-leaved pine, pitch-pine, and cypress Agriculture. Florida exhibits the vegetable productions of both temperate and semi-tropical nature. In the N. the products include peaches, pears, and cotton, while the middle and S. counties produce the finest oranges, pineapples, value and production of the principal mangoes, cocoa palms, guavas and almost all tropical fruits. The acreage, crops in 1919 were as follows: corn, 840,- 000 acres, production 12,600,000 bushels, 3,402,000 bushels, value $7,178,000; toproduction 141,000 tons, value $3,243,ction 1,824,000 bushels, 000; peanuts, 216,000 acres, production 3,402,000 bushels, value $7,178,000; tobacco, 4,200 acres, production 3,990,000 pounds, value $2,175,000; potatoes, 24,- 000 acres, production 1, value $3,830,000; sweet potatoes, 41,000 tion 17,000 bales, value $3,570,000. acres, production 4,100,000 bushels, value $5,740,000; cotton, 117,000 acres, producearners.
Manufactures. There were, in 1914, 2,518 manufacturing establishments, em- ploying 55,608 wage earners. The ploying 55,608 wage capital invested was $88,319,000 and the wages paid $24,822,000. The value of the materials used was $33,816,000 and the value of the finished product was $81,principal manufactures are wages paid $24,822,000. The value of the materials used was $33,816,000 and the 112,000. The p naval stores, cotton-seed oil, cigars, lead evaporation, palmetto hats, braids, and wooden boxes. Lumbering is a leading industry; fishing, sponge and coral gathering afford occupations for many. noted for their fine cigars.
Jacksonville has many canning establishments, and Key West and Tampa are Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were 54 National banks in operation, surplus. In the having $6,460,000 in capital, $5,502,000 in outstanding circulation, and $25,084,- 000 in United States bonds. There were also 184 State banks with $5,585,000 capital and $2,147,000 su year ending Sept. 30, 1919, the exchanges increase over the previous year of $202,at the United States clearing-house at Jacksonville aggregated $411,247,000, an 120,000.
Education. School attendance is not compulsory. Separate schools are provided for white and colored children. FLORIDA There are about 200,000 enrolled pupils in the elementary schools and about 6,000 teachers. There are 100 public high schools with about 7,000 pupils. The total annual expenditure for educational purposes is about $4,000,000. The institutions for higher education include the Uriversity of Florida at Gainesville, the State College for Women at Tallahassee, Rollins College at Winter Park, John B. Stetson University at De Land.
Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the African Methodist Episcopal; the Methodist Episcopal, South; Regular Baptist, Colored; Roman Catholic; Methodist Episcopal; Protestant Episcopal; Presbyterian; Disciples; and Congregational. Finance. The receipts during the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $6,334,025, and the disbursements to $6,369,753.
There was a balance on hand January 1, 1919, of $1,861,628, and on January 1, 1920, there was a balance of $1,825,899.
The public debt amounted to $601,567.
Transportation. There are about 6,000 miles of steam railway and about 200 miles of electric railway. The Atlantic Coast Railway and the Louisville and Nashville Railway run through the State. The Florida East Coast Railway with an extension to Key West was opened in 1912. A large trade is carried on through Pensacola and other ports.
Harbor improvements have been carried out at Jacksonville.
FLORIDA UNIVERSITY violence, passed beyond the present limits of Florida. A settlement of French Huguenots was attempted in 1564, but two years later was exterminated by the Spanish. From this time the Spanish were in absolute control, and settlements were made at Pensacola and elsewhere along the coast. In 1687 the first large consignment of negro slaves was brought to Florida. From 1702 to 1748 there were continued hostilities between the Spanish, French, and British along the coast, during which St. Augustine was twice besieged by the British. A truce lasted from 1748 to 1752, when war was again renewed, resulting in the exchange of Cuba for Florida, the British immediately taking possession.
Shortly after the American Revolutionary War Florida was re-ceded to Spain. West Florida was sold to France in 1795. During the War of 1812 the British occupied Pensacola with the consent of Spain. In 1814 it was captured by the United States forces under Andrew Jackson. Then followed a long series of wars with the natives, the whole of Florida being ceded to the United States by Spain in 1819. In 1822 Florida was organized as a Territory of the United States. From 1835 to 1842 the Seminole Indians were in active hostility and on their final surrender they were removed to a special reservation.
Florida was admitted to the Union as a State in 1845. At the outbreak of the Civil War the principal government
Charities and Corrections. - The char-posts were seized by the State forces. itable and correctional institutions include the State Institute for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind at St. Augustine, Hospital for the Insane at Chattahoochee; Industrial School for Boys, at Marianna; Prison Farm, at Raiford; Industrial School for Girls, at Ocala.
State Government. The governor is elected for a term of four years. Legislative sessions are held biennially, beginning on the first Tuesday in April, and are limited to 60 days each. The legislature has 32 members in the Senate and 75 in the House. There are 4 representatives in Congress.
History. Florida was discovered by by Juan Ponce de Leon, March 27, 1513, on Easter Sunday, after which the peninsula was named. He and his successors explored a large part of Florida in search of gold and "the fountain of perpetual youth." He was killed in a fight with the natives in 1521. A Spanish force of 400 men under Panfilo de Narvaez landed in 1528, and all but four perished. In 1539 a force of 600 under Fernando De Soto landed at Tampa Bay and moving to the N. and W., overcoming the natives by treachery and Fort Pickens, however, was held by a Union garrison, and after being re-enforced was used as the base of operations in the vicinity. Jacksonville was several times occupied by the contending forces, and many minor engagements took place along the coast. Florida was readmitted to the Union on July 4, 1868.