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Fremont (City of Ohio the countyseat)

a city of Ohio, the countyseat of Sandusky co. It is on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Lake Erie and Western, the Lake Shore Electric, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroads. It is also on the Sandusky river, of which it is the head of steam navigation. It is the center of an important agricultural and oilproducing region. clude electro-carbons, engines and boilers, agricultural implements, stoves, beet sugar, flour, etc. Water power is furnished by a large dam and power plant. The city has several handsome parks, a State historical building, and a public library. It was the home of President Rutherford B. Hayes. Pop. (1910) 9,939; (1920) 12,468.

Its manufactures in- FRÉMONT, JESSIE BENTON, an American author, wife of John Charles; born in Virginia in 1824; daughter of Senator Thomas H. Benton. She published: "Story of the Guard: A Chronicle of the War," with a German translation (1863); a sketch of her father prefixed to her husband's memoirs (1886); "Souvenirs of My Time" (1887); and "The Will and the Way Stories." She died in 1902.

FRÉMONT FRÉMONT, JOHN CHARLES, an American explorer, popularly known as "The Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains"; born in Savannah, Ga., Jan. 31, 1813, of a mixed French and Virginian parentage. Though left an orphan in his fifth year, he received a good education, having, at the age of 15, entered Charleston College, where he highly distinguished himself by his proficiency in mathematics and other kindred sciences.

In 1833, after a period during which he had devoted himself to the duties of a private teacher, he was appointed teacher of mathematics on board the United States sloop of war "Natchez," with which he proceeded on a cruise to South America. On his return he turned his attention to civil engineering, and was recommended to the government for employment in the exploration and survey of the mountainous region between South Carolina and Tennessee. In 1838-1839 he undertook the exploration of the country between the Missouri river and the British frontier, and in 1838 received a commission as 2d lieutenant in the corps of topographical engineers. Shortly afterward, he proposed to the government to undertake the exploration of the Rocky Mountains at that day a terra incognita. His plan being approved, he, in 1842, started with a handful of picked men, and reached and explored the South Pass. Not only did he fix the locality of that great defile through which thousands have since found their way to California, but he defined the astronomy, geography, botany, geology, and meteorology of that region, described the route since followed, and designated the points upon which a line of United States forts were subsequently erected. In 1845 he cleared the N. part of California of Mexican troops, and then, seeking a broader field of activity, planned an expedition to the distant territory of Oregon. He approached the Rocky Mountains by a new line, scaled the summits S. of the South Pass, deflected to the Great Salt Lake, pushed investigations right and left his entire course, and at the same time connected his survey with that of Commodore Wilkes' exploring expedition. Later in the winter, without resources, adequate supplies, or as much as a guide he traversed the wilderness to the Rocky Mountains. In this daring expedition he crossed 3,500 miles of country in sight of eternal snows, discovering the grand features of Alta Cañon, California, its great basin, the Sierra Nevada, the valleys of San Joaquin and FRENCH In Sacramento, and determined the geographical position of the W. portion of the North American continent. 1846 he was promoted lieutenant-colonel and also military commandant and civil governor of the Territory of California, in which capacity he in 1847 concluded those articles of capitulation by which Mexico conceded exclusive possession of that territory to the United States. In the same year he purchased in California the valuable Mariposa estate, upon which he settled in 1849. In 1853 he undertook a fifth expedition across the Continent, made new discoveries, and reached California after enduring almost incredible hardships. In 1856 he was the first candidate of the Republican party for the presidency; and in 1861, on the outbreak of the Civil War, was appointed a Major-General of volunteers. He then, as commander of the Western Union army, marched into Missouri with the view of encountering General Price's Confederate force then in possession of that State, but an unfortunate dispute with a subordinate officer caused the War Department to relieve him of his command. He was governor of Arizona in 1878-1881. His publications include: "Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and North California in 1843-1844"; "Col. J. C.

Frémont's Explorations"; and "Memoirs of My Life." He died in New York City, July 13, 1890.