Collier's New Encyclopedia

A complete general encyclopedia of 1921 — the world as it was understood just after the Great War, from Aachen to Zwingli, across twelve volumes and six thousand pages.

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Gamboge

or CAMBOGE (a corruption of Cambodia, the name of the district in Annam where it is found), a gum resin containing about 70 per cent. of resin, and 24 per cent. of soluble gum.

It is obtained by piercing the bark of GAME Garcinia morella, variety pedicellata, a tree belonging to the order Guttiferæ, growing in Cambodia, Siam, and the S. part of Cochin China. The juice is allowed to harden in bamboo reeds, hence it occurs in commerce in the form of pipes which are striated externally.

Gamboge is hard and brittle, breaking with a yellow-brown vitreous conchoidal fracture; its powder is a bright yellow color; it is inodorous, has a slight taste, but when chewed is acid. Gamboge is used as a pigment in water-color painting. By the action of nitric acid it is oxidized into picric and oxalic acids. An inferior kind of gamboge in the form of flat cakes is prepared in Ceylon from Hebradendron gambogioides. In pharmacy, gamboge is used in the preparation of Pilula cambogiæ compositæ, compound gamboge pill, composed of gamboge, Barbados aloes, compound powder of cinnamon, hard soap, and syrup.

Gamboge acts as a drastic hydragogue purgative, it causes vomiting and griping; it is seldom given alone, but combined with cream of tartar in cases of dropsy, or with calomel in cerebral diseases.

GAMBRINUS (-brīnus), a mythical king of Flanders, to whom is ascribed the invention of beer. His figure is familiar in German beer-cellars, often seated astride a cask, a foaming tankard in his hand.

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