Gay-Lussac
JOSEPH LOUIS (gā-lü-säk'), a French physicist; born in St. Leonard, Haute-Vienne, France, Dec. 6, 1778. In 1804 he was the first to make balloon ascensions for purposes of scientific investigation; became a member of tific investigation; became a member of duced to Humboldt, with whom he prosecuted an investigation of the polarization of light and other subjects. To him we hydro-sulphuric and oxy-chloride acids.
In 1830 he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and in 1839 was created a peer of France. He was Professor of Chemistry at the Jardin du Roi. He died in Paris, May 9, 1850.
Chemistry at the Jardin du Roi. He died ican lawyer and public official; born at educated in the local seminary and at the Christian Brothers' College, St. Louis, Mo. Employed for a time as a teacher in Boston, he subsequently removed to Mo. Employed for a time as a teacher studied law. In 1875 he was admitted to practice and quickly identified himself with the reform party in Flatbush.
Elected Police Commissioner of that vilpractice and quickly identified himself tics soon made him a prominent figure in municipal affairs. After serving two terms as Supreme Court Justice, he was elected Mayor of New York City in 1909, from the wound and succumbed to the strain of his campaign for re-election, Sept. 10, 1913.
GEAR from the sea, on the borders of the desert cities of the ancient Philistines, situated in the S. W. of Palestine, about 3 miles from the sea, on the borders of the desert which separates Palestine from Egypt. It is often mentioned in the history of Samfive months' siege by Alexander the Great, and from that time down to 1790, tines. In 333 B. c. it was taken after a Great, and from that time down to 1790, five months' siege by Alexander the when the French under Kleber captured it, it witnessed the victories of the Mac- Great, who rebuilt the town, made it the seat of a bishop. The modern Guzzeh is and the heroic Saladin. Constantine the Great, who rebuilt the town, made it the a collection of mere villages. It was seat of a bishop. The modern Guzzeh is occupied by British forces Nov. 7, 1917, in the advance on Palestine. guese possession in east Africa, lying to the eastward of the Transvaal and Portuguese obtained their first foothold here in 1830. In 1833 they were almost driven out by an uprising of the natives, all their trading posts being captured. cupied and the district enlarged, notably in 1884, after the death of the friendly waged with the forces of the British South African Company, with the final result of a boundary settlement in the interior in favor of the Portuguese. After 1906 the Portuguese occupation was more firmly established by the death of the chief of the unruly elements among the natives, Gungunyana.