Goncourt
EDMOND and JULES DE, French novelists and brothers; the former born in Nancy, France, May 26, 1822, the latter in Paris, Dec. 17, 1830.
They became celebrated as the joint authors of a number of famous writings, including "History of the French Society During the Revolution and Under the Directory" (1865); "Well-Known Portraits of the Eighteenth Century" (1878); "History of Marie Antoinette" (1858); "The Mistresses of Louis XV." (1860); "The Art of the Eighteenth Century" (1874); "Ideas and Sensations" (1866), etc. Jules died in Auteuil, June 20, 1896; Edmond in 1870.
GONDAR (gon'där), the capital of Amhara, in Abyssinia, on a basaltic hill 23 miles N. of Lake Tzana. It was formerly the residence of the emperor, and at one time had about 50,000 inhabitants.
The hill is crowned by the ruin of the old castle, built by Indian architects under Portuguese direction; burned by Theodore in 1867, and now left to the bats and hyenas. tain"; born near Cordova, Spain, March 16, 1453. He was of noble family, and at an early age entered the army. He first distinguished himself in the great war of Ferdinand and Isabella with the Moors, which ended with the conquest of Granada in 1492. His next achievement was the recovery of the kingdom of Naples from the French, who conquered it under Charles VIII. in 1495. When Louis XII. renewed the invasion of Italy, Gonsalvo was again sent there, and, after a temporary division of the country between France and Spain, he again expelled the French, established the Spanish rule, and was named viceroy of Naples. Through the jealousy of Ferdinand, and the calumnies of the courtiers, he was deprived of his office in 1507, when he retired to Granada, and died there Dec. 2, 1515.
GONVILLE AND CAIUS (kēz) COL- LEGE, a college of Cambridge University, England, founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, of Terrington, Norfolk. In 1558 Dr. Caius obtained the royal charter by which all the former foundations were confirmed and his own foundation was established. By this charter the college was thenceforth to be called Gonville and Caius College.
GONZAGA (gon-zägä), a princely family which gave a line of dukes to Mantua and Montferrat. The sway of this race over Mantua extended over a period of three centuries. The Gonzagas gradually monopolized all the chief posts of command, both civil and military; in 1432 they were invested with the title and jurisdiction of hereditary marquises, and in 1530 with that of dukes or sovereigns of the state. The house of Gonzaga and that of the Visconti Dukes of Milan were perpetually at war. marquisate was granted to Giovanni Francesco in 1433. The 10th and last Duke of Mantua, Ferdinando Carlo, who had countenanced the French in the War of the Succession, was deprived by the Emperor Joseph I. of his states , and placed under the ban of the empire. He died in exile in 1708, leaving no issue.
A branch of the family ruled Guastalla till 1746.
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