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Graham (JOHN VISCOUNT DUN- DEE)

JOHN, VISCOUNT DUN- DEE, commonly known as CLAVERHOUSE, a Scottish soldier, eldest son of Sir William Graham, of Claverhouse; born about 1650. He was educated at St.

Andrews. He went abroad and entered the service of France and afterward of Holland, but returned to Scotland in 1677, where he was appointed captain of a troop of horse raised to enforce compliance with the establishment of Episcopacy. He distinguished himself by an unscrupulous zeal in this service. The Covenanters were driven to resistance, and a body of them defeated Claverhouse at Drumclog, June 1. On June 22, however, the Duke of Monmouth defeated the insurgents at Bothwell Brig, and Claverhouse was sent into the W. with absolute power. In 1682 he was appointed sheriff of Wigtonshire, and, assisted by his brother David, continued his persecutions. He was made a privy-councillor, and received the estate of Dudhope, with other honors from the king, and though on the accession of James his name was withdrawn from the privy-council it was soon restored. In 1686 he was made Brigadier-General, and afterward Major- General; and in 1688, after William had landed, he received from James in London the titles of Lord Graham of Claverhouse and Viscount Dundee. When the king fled he returned to Edinburgh, but finding the Covenanters in possession he retired to the N., followed by General Mackay. After making an attempt on Dundee, Claverhouse finally encountered and defeated Mackay in the Pass of Killiecrankie, July 17, 1689, but was killed in the battle.