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Gregory (Name of a number of popes died)

the name of a number of popes. died in Munich, May 1, 1891.

Pope; born in Rome, about 544. He showed such abilities as a senator that popes. GREGORY I., surnamed the Great, a fect of Rome, after which he embraced the monastic life in a society founded by himself. Pope Pela Pelagius II. sent him as nuncio to Constantinople, and on his return made him apostolical secretary. He was elected successor to that pontiff in 590. Pope Gregory was pious and charitable, had lofty notions of the papal authority, was a reformer of the clerical discipline, and after his death was can- GREGORY tine in the pontificate in 715, and died in GREGORY II., St., succeeded Constanvolumes. He died in 604. GREGORY II., St., succeeded Constantine in the pontificate in 715, and died in 731.

GREGORY III., a native of Syria, succeeded Gregory II. He sent legates to sidered to be the origin of the apostolical the Lombards, which embassy is connuncios in France. Died in 741. sidered to be the origin of the apostolical GREGORY IV., a Roman, succeeded Valentine in 828, and was greatly esteemed for his learning and piety. Died in 844.

XV., in 996. An anti-pope, named John of the Emperor Otho, succeeded John XV., in 996. An anti-pope, named John pelled by the emperor. Died in 999.

GREGORY VI., a Roman, succeeded John pelled by the emperor. Died in 999.

GREGORY VI., a Roman, succeeded John XIX., who finding the lands and revenues of his church greatly diminished by usurbers, acted with such vigor that a powerbers, acted with such vigor that a powerful party was raised against him by those who had been accustomed to live by plun- Gregory abdicated the pontificate. Died der. At a council held at Sutri in 1046 in Cologne, about 1048.

GREGORY VII., HILDEBRAND, Son of a no, Tuscany, about 1020. He was the friend and counsellor of Leo IX. and the four succeeding Popes, carpenter; born in Soano , of Leo IX. and the four succeeding Popes, elected to succeed him in 1073. He oband on the death of Alexander II. was tained confirmation in his election from the Emperor Henry IV., and immediately applied himself zealously to reform simony and the licentiousness of the clergy. In his view, however, marriage, no less than concubinage, was a sin in them. He menaced the emperor and the King of 1074 he assembled a council, by which France, the latter without effect. In it was forbidden the prelates to receive the first step in the quarrel with the emperor, which lasted so many years. Henry, disregarding the papal authority, was summoned to Rome; but he held a sition of the Pope. To this Gregory the emperor and the election of another, Rudolph of Suabia. Henry now promised submission; and in the early winter of 1077 went with his wife and child to Italy. The Pope was at the caschild to Italy. The Pope was at the casthe penitent Emperor of Germany three days waiting at the gate, he received him and gave him absolution. The terms imsoon broke them, made war on Rudolph, posed on him were intolerable, and he and defeated him, set up a rival Pope in investiture of a layman; and this was GREGORY Guibert, Archbishop of Ravenna, with the title of Clement III., and after several unsuccessful attempts entered Rome in 1084, had himself crowned emperor by his own Pope, and besieged Gregory in San Angelo. The Pope was delivered by Guiscard, and retiring to Salerno, died there May 25, 1085. 108 GREGORY VIII., born in Benevento, succeeded Urban III., 1187, and died the same year, after having exhorted the Christian princes to undertake a new crusade.

GREGORY IX., UGOLINO, Count of Segni, a native of Campania, and a near relative of Innocent III.; born about 1147. He became bishop of Ostia, and cardinal, and in 1227 succeeded Honorius III. His coronation surpassed in magnificence any which had preceded it, and the ceremony lasted three days. The principal events of his pontificate were the various incidents of his contest with the great Emperor Frederick II., whom he repeatedly excommunicated, absolving his subjects from their allegiance, and proclaiming a crusade against him. In 1229 Gregory levied a tithe on all movables in England toward the expenses of his war with Frederick. He established, a few years later, the inquisition at Toulouse and Carcassonne, excited by his haughty demeanor a revolt at Rome in 1234, and was driven from the city, to which he did not return for three years. St. Anthony of Padua, St. Dominic, and St. Elizabeth were canonized by Gregory, who died in Rome, Aug. 21, 1241.

GREGORY X., of the illustrious family of Visconti, was elected Pope in 1271, after an interregnum of two years, at which time he was in the Holy Land.

He assembled a council at Lyons, to promote a union between the Eastern and Western Churches, and other objects.

Died in 1276.

GREGORY XI., PETER ROGER, a native of Limousin, in France, was a nephew of Clement VI., and son of the Count of Beaufort. He was elevated to the pontificate in 1370, after the death of Urban V., was a patron of learning, and endeavored to reconcile the princes of Christendom and to reform the religious from Avignon to Rome, where he died in societies. He transferred the papal 1378.

GREGORY XII., ANGELO CORNARO, a native of Venice, was raised to the pontificate in 1406, during the schism in the East, Benedict XIII. being the other Pope. Both were deposed by a council held at Pisa, and Alexander V. elected in their stead. Gregory submitted, and laid aside the pontifical dignity. Died in