Guizot
FRANÇOIS - PIERRE - GUILLAUME (gē-zö'), a French his torian; born in Nîmes, Oct. 4, 1787; educated at the gymnasium of Geneva, Switzerland. In 1805 he commenced legal studies at Paris, but gradually drifted into the literary profession. In 1812 he married Mlle. de Meulan, editor of the "Publiciste," and became Professor of History at the Sorbonne. On the fall of the empire he obtained several public GULF OF ST. LAURENCE offices, such as councillor of state, and director-general of the department and communal administration. In 1816 he published "The Representative Government, and the Real Condition of France" and "An Essay on Public Instruction."
In 1820 the Duc de Barry was assassinated, and Guizot's party fell before an ultra-royalist reaction. In 1825 he was deprived of his chair on account of the political character of his lectures, but it was restored to him in 1828. In 1829 he again became councillor of state, and in 1830 was elected deputy for the arrondissement of Lisieux. After the July revolution he was appointed minister of the interior, but resigned in 1831. After the death of Périer, Guizot, along with Thiers and De Broglie, formed a coalition ministry, and he rendered great service as minister of public instruction.
He became ambassador at the British court in 1840, and next year he became the real head of the government of which Soult was the nominal chief. He retained the office of minister of foreign affairs until 1848, and during that period opposed all measures of reform. After the fall of Louis Philippe, Guizot escaped and fled to England. Henceforth he practically retired from public life.
Among his numerous works may be mentioned: "History of Civilization in France"; "General History of Civilization in Europe"; "History of the English Revolution"; "Meditations and Moral Studies"; "Memoirs in Regard to the History of My Time"; "Meditations on the Actual State of the Christian Religion"; "Biographical and Literary Miscellanies"; "History of France, told by My Small Children"; "William the Conqueror"; and "Washington." He died in Val-Richer, France, Oct. 12, 1874.
GUJARAT (guzh-rät'), or GUZERAT, the chief town of Gujarat district, in the Punjab, India; a few miles N. of the present bed of the Chenab; is a place of some military and political importance, as well as the center of a considerable trade. Here, in 1849, a decisive battle was fought, which finally broke the Sikh power, and brought the whole Punjab under British rule.
GUJRANWALA (guzh-ran-wä'lä), chief town of Gujranwala district in the Punjab, India; 40 miles N. of Lahore.
It was for a time the capital of the Sikh power, and Ranjit Singh was born here.
GULDEN (göld'en), a silver coin of Austria-Hungary and also of Holland, worth about 40 cents; also called a florin.
GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE, a W. inlet of the North Atlantic Ocean, touching GULFPORT GUM ARABIC all the British provinces of North Amer- ciously on fish. They breed on rocky ica, Newfoundland, Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. It has three communications with the ocean, the Strait of Belle Isle, between Newfoundland and Labrador; the Gulf of Canso, between the island of Cape Breton and the peninsula of Nova Scotia; and a far wider passage than either, with the island of St. Paul in the middle, between Cape Breton and Newfoundland; while in the opposite direction it narrows, at the W. end of Anticosti, into the estuary of the St. Lawrence river. on the county-seat of Harrison co. It is on the GULFPORT, a city of Mississippi, the county -seat of Harrison co.
Mississippi Sound and on the Louisville and Nashville and the Gulf and Ship Island railroads. The city is a port of entry and has an excellent harbor, accessible to large vessels. It has an important trade in lumber, naval stores, cotton, etc. Its industries include fertilizer works, canning factories, and saw mills. Among the notable buildings are a United States custom house, Gulf Coast Military Academy, and a post office building. Pop. (1910) 6,386; (1920) 8,157.