Hallam
HENRY, an English his torian; born in Windsor, England, July 9, 1777. His father was dean of 'Bristol, After studying at Eton he was sent to the University of Oxford, where he distinguished himself by his classical attainments. He afterward settled in London, and entered on his career of literary the "Edinburgh Review." His "View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages" (1818) was the first great result of his studies and researches. His maslabor as one of the first contributors to terly work on the "Constitutional History of England" was given to the world in 1827. Hallam belonged to the Whig party in politics, but he wrote with an 1833 a very heavy blow fell on him in the impartiality which is rarely rivaled. In death of his eldest son, a young man of high promise, and the chosen friend of Alfred Tennyson, whose love and sorrow are recorded in "In Memoriam." The next great work of Hallam, published in 1837-1839, was his "Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the 15th, 16th, and 17th Centuries." After losing his daughter, his wife, and his second son (the last in 1850), the aged and mourning father himself died in Penhurst, Kent, England, Jan. 21, 1859.
HALLE (hälle), a city of Prussian Saxony, known as Halle an der Saale, to distinguish it from other places of the same name in Germany; on the right bank of the Saale and on several small islands of the river; 20 miles N. W. of Leipsic. As an important railway center, Halle has rapidly increased in size, industry, and prosperity. Its famous university was founded in 1694 by Frederick I. of Prussia; after having been suppressed by Napoleon in 1806, and again in 1813, it was re-established in 1815 and incorporated with the University of Wittenberg, which had been dissolved during the war. The Francke Institutions rank among the most important establishments of the place. The noteworthy buildings and institutions embrace St. Mary's Church (1529-1554); the Gothic church of St. Maurice, dating from the 12th century, with fine woodcarvings and sculptures; the red tower, 276 feet high, in the market-place, with with a Roland statue in front of it; the townhall; the remains of the Moritzburg, built in 1484, the ancient residence of the archbishops of Magdeburg; a deacon- HALLECK esses' home; a large penitentiary; the medical institutes and clinical hospitals; the agricultural institute; the university library (220,000 vols.); a provincial museum; an art collection; and an archæological and other museums. The most important industrial product of Halle is salt, obtained from brine springs within and near the town, which have been worked from before the 7th century. The industries next in importance prior to the World War, were sugar-refining, printing, brewing, the manufacture of mineral oil, and fruit cultivation. A very active trade was carried on in machines, raw sugar, mineral oil, grain, and flour. Halle is the birthplace of Handel, the com- poser. Originally a border fortress poser.
Originally a against the Slavs, it became in the 10th century an appanage of the Archbishop of Magdeburg, and by the 12th century was famous as a commercial city. In border fortress that and the 13th century Halle was a League, and successfully withstood powerful member of the Hanseatic fierce siege by the Archbishop of Magdeburg in 1435, but finally fell into his hands in 1478. Terribly impoverished during the Thirty Years' War, it was incorporated with Brandenburg at the peace of Westphalia. Pop. about 180,000.