Collier's New Encyclopedia

A complete general encyclopedia of 1921 — the world as it was understood just after the Great War, from Aachen to Zwingli, across twelve volumes and six thousand pages.

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Ichthyophagy

the practice or habit of eating fish; fish diet.

ICHTHYORNIS (ik-the-or'nis), a fossil genus of carnivorous and probably aquatic birds, one of the earliest known American forms. It is so named from the character of the vertebræ, which, even in the cervical region, have their articular faces biconcave as in fishes.

It is also characterized by having teeth set in distinct sockets.

ICONOCLAST ICHTHYOSAURUS (ik-the-ō-sou'ros), an extinct fish-lizard; the typical genus of the order Ichthyosauria. It consists of gigantic fossil marine reptiles, with jaws which show them to have been carnivorous. Their vertebræ were fishlike, their paddles like those of a porpoise or a whale, and their long powerful tail a propeller which enable them to dart with great rapidity through the water. The genus extended from the Trias of Germany to the White Chalk of England. ICICA (i'sē-kä), a genus of Amyrids, family Burseridæ. It consists chiefly of tall trees with balsamic or resinous juice, unequally pinnate or ternate leaves, and racemes or heads of small whitish or greenish flowers. About 20 species are known, found mostly in the warmer parts of America. Icica guianensis furnishes incense-wood; I. icicariba, part of the American elemi; I. carana, the American balm of Gilead; I. aracouchini, the balsam of acouchi; I. ambrosiaca, the resin of coumia; and I. altissima, the curana, samaria, acuyari, mara, or cedarwood of Guiana.

ICONIUM (ē-kōnē-um), an ancient town of Asia Minor, on the W. edge of the plateau that skirts the N. slopes of the Taurus Mountains. The capital under the Romans of Lycaonia, it was three times visited by St. Paul, who founded there a Christian Church. In 708 it fell into the hands of the Arab conquerors. Its prosperity culminated in the end of the 11th century, when it was made the capital of the Seljuk empire. In 1190 Frederick Barbarossa defeated the Turks in the neighborhood, and captured Iconium. In 1832 Ibrahim Pasha defeated the Turks there. The modern town, called KONIA, the capital of the Turkish vilayet of the same name, is a place of some 30,000 inhabitants, who live by commerce, by making stockings and gloves, and on the contributions of the numerous pilgrims who visit the holy places of the town. Here is the principal monastery of the Mevlevi or "dancing" dervishes in the Ottoman empire.

ICONOCLAST (i-kon'ō-klast), a breaker or destroyer of images; a title applied to two of the Byzantine emperors, Leo the Isaurian, and his son Constantine Capronymus, who during their reigns, which extended from 726 to 795, persevered in overthrowing the images in the Christian churches, and in extirpating their worship. The 338 bishops , pishops, also, who attended a council at Constantinople in the reign of the latter prince, and declared themselves in favor of his 1 ICONOGRAPHY IDAHO views, were stigmatized by the orthodox out spurs in a W. direction extending party under the same name.

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