Isar
or ISER (izer), a river of Bavaria, rises in the Tyrol, N. E. of Innsbruck, and flows 220 miles, generally in a N. and N. E. direction, till it falls into the Danube near Deggendorf.
Munich and Landshut are on the banks "of Iser, rolling rapidly." Hohenlinden is 20 miles away. Area of its drainage basin, 3,545 square miles.
ISATINE (I'zä-ten), (I'zä-tēn), a product obtained by suspending finely powdered indigo in three times its weight of boiling water, and adding gradually nitric acid of sp. gr. 1.35 till the blue color has disappeared. On cooling, crude isatine is deposited, and may be purified by dissolving in potash, precipitating with hydrochloric acid, and crystallizing from alcohol. It crystallizes in the form of brilliant yellowish-red prisms, which dissolve readily in boiling water, in alcohol, and in ether. It may aso be produced synthetically by the action of oxidizing agents on amido-oxindol, or by the reduction of orthonitro-phenyl glyoxalic acid in alkaline solution. Isatine does not unite with acids, but rather plays the part of an acid. It dissolves in potassic hydrate, forming a dark violet-colored solution of potassium isatine, which, on addition of argentic nitrate, gives carmine-red crystals of argentine isatine, CH.NO.Ag. It also yields crystalline compounds, with alkaline hydric sulphites. Boiled with concentrated nitric acid, it is converted first into nitrosalicylic acid, and finally into trinitrophenol. When strongly heated, isatine fuses and sublimes in part unchanged.
ISATIS (I'sā-tis), a genus of plants, order Brassicacex. I. tinctoria, the woad, is an annual plant, native of Europe, occasionally cultivated here for the sake of its leaves, which yield a dye that may be substituted for indigo. It grows about four feet high, with large leaves clasping the stem with their broad bases; flowers yellow, large, in terminal racemes.
ISCHYROMYS ISAURIA (is-ōr'ē-ä), in ancient geography, a district of Asia Minor, occupying the summit and N. slopes of Mount Taurus. The people were stern and savage pirates and robbers. At length their depredations and those of their neighbors, the Cilicians, became so formidable that the Roman proconsul, P. Servilius, chased them into their mountain fastnesses and coerced them into submission in 76 B. c., for which exploit he acquired the surname Isauricus. Nevertheless the Isaurians were not subdued, though Pompey drove them off the sea. They conquered the Cilicians and remained the terror of the neighboring states down to the 4th century. In the reign of the Emperor Gallienus (253-268) there even arose among this savage folk a rival emperor, Trebellianus, who, however, was finally crushed. This same people also gave two emperors to Byzantium, Zeno I. (474- 491) and Leo III. (718-741); the descendants of the latter ruled over the empire of the East for three generations. From the 5th century onward the Isaurians gradually disappear from history. ISCHIA (is'kē-ä), the ancient Ænaria and Pithecusa, an island on the N. side of the entrance to the Bay of Naples, 6 miles from the mainland. Area, 26 square miles; pop. about 30,000. Ischia is a favorite place of summer resort, being noted for the excellence of its warm mineral waters. Its highest point is the volcanic Monte Epomeo, 2,608 feet, the last outbreak of which occurred in 1302.
In 1881 Casamicciola was nearly destroyed by two earthquake shocks. On Sept. 28, 1883, the town was utterly overwhelmed, only four or five buildings being left standing, and 4,000 or 5,000 persons lost their lives. The inhabitants grows fruits, wine, and olive oil, and carry on fishing. Chief towns: Ischia, a bishop's seat; Casamicciola, and Forio.
ISCHIUM (is'kē-um), one of the bones in the pelvic arch in vertebrated animals. It forms the posterior and inferior part of the os innominatum, and bounds the obturator foramen in the lower half of its extent.
ISCHL (ish'el), a town of Upper Austria, on the river Traun, amid magnificent Alpine scenery. It is the chief town of the district called the Salzkammergut.
The situation of Ischl, and the saline baths established in 1822, attract 4,000 or 5,000 visitors annually. Pop. about 30,000.
ISCHYROMYS (is-ker'ō-mus), the typical genus of the family Ischyromyidæ. It is known only by a North American fossil rodent, I. typus, described by but has closer affinity to the squirrels, Wyoming. It resembles the musk rat, and certain resemblances to the beavers.
Miocene deposits in the "Bad Lands" of Dauphiné; area, 3,200 square miles. formed out of the ancient province of and W. flows the river Rhone. It was S. E. of France, round which on the N. Mont du Midi, on the S. E. border, rises and certain resemblances to the beavers.
ISÈRE (ē-zār), a department in the S. E. of France, round which on the N. and W. flows the river Rhone. It was formed out of the ancient province of Dauphiné; area, 3,200 square miles. course of 180 miles (102 navigable). to 13,088 feet. The chief river, besides the Rhone, is its left-hand tributary, the Isère, which, rising in the Alps at an altitude of 7,540 feet, flows S. W. to join the Rhone above Valence, after a total course of 180 miles (102 navigable).
The products include wheat, wine, stone fruits, medicinal plants, and hemp.
Cheese is made; and silkworms are reared. The department is rich in mineral products; iron, coal, and turf are worked, and to a less extent marble, slates, and gypsum. The industrial acity is considerable, particularly in the tivity manufacture of iron and steel goods, gloves, silk stuffs, cloth, linen, paper, straw hats, liqueur, etc. Pop. about 560,000.
ISERLOHN (izer-lōn), a manufac- The calamine mines are celebrated. In the neighborhood is the Dechen stalactite cave, discovered in 1868. Pop. about 30,- 000. and successor of Saul. Abner, Saul's ISHBOSHETH (ish'bō-sheth), a son kinsman and general, so managed that Ishbosheth was acknowledged king at Mahanaim by the greatest part of Israel, cessful war against David, and aban- Judah. Involved in a long and unsuccessful war against David, and abandoned by Abner, he was assassinated. ISHIM (ē-shēm), a town in Siberia, important as a trade center. It is the oldest of Siberian towns. A river and a territory adjacent likewise bear the name.
ISHMAEL (ish'mā-el), a Abraham, by Hagar, who on the birth of ISHMAEL (ish'mã-el), a son of Isaac, son of Sarah, was sent forth from his father's house with his mother.
After dwelling in the desert for a long his father's house with his mother. Isaac, son of Sarah, was sent forth from time, he became a great hunter and mighty warrior. The Arabs regarded Ishmael as the father of their nation, and the author of their language. He Ishmael as the father of their nation, mighty warrior. The Arabs regarded time, he became a great hunter and lived 137 years. a ISIS mael or Ismael, one of Ali's descendants. uted themselves over Irak, Syria, Per- were powerful in the East, and distributed themselves over Irak, Syria, Persia, and Egypt. Mich., on the Chicago and Northwestern, Marquette. It is the mining trade cenlantic and the Lake Superior and Ishpeming railroads; 15 miles W. of