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PRINCE HIROBUMI, Japanese statesman; born in the province of Manchuria, Oct. 26, 1909, by a Korean.
Manchuria, Oct. 26, 1909, by a Korean. rank, he was orphaned at an early age and was adopted by relatives. As a boy, with four companions, he worked his way to England on board a Scottish whaler.
After his return home he tried to dis- After his return home he tried to disfighting the Westerners, and for his IVAN Western sympathies was attacked by from the insurrection which placed the afterward became his wife. Emerging from the insurrection which placed the present Mikado on the throne, one of the young progressives devoted to the Emperor and the cause of an enlightened Japan, his rise through various positions of trust was rapid, and he took a lead- He visited the United States in 1872.
He was created a count for his services ing part in formulating the constitution under which Japan is now governed . to the state and in 1883 became premier, cessful efforts in negotiating a peace treaty with China he was made a mar- cessful efforts in negotiating a peace a post he held four times. For his sucquis, and for the next ten years took an He foresaw the war with Russia, and exerted himself to strengthen the emimportant part in government affairs. pire's resources in preparation for that formed the administration of the country pire's resources in preparation for that dent-General in Korea, where he re- war. In 1905 he was appointed Resiand made it a Japanese ing the hatred of the Koreans, though He was elevated to the rank of prince ing the hatred of the Koreans, though in 1907, and in May, 1909, returned home ese province, gainto become President of the Privy Counto meet the Russian Minister of Finance to become President of the Privy Counon the general railway situation in Manchuria. be-dā), a Mexican soldier; born in Valaon the general railway situation in Mandolid, Mexico, in 1783. On the breaki_g out of the revolutionary troubles in ed the royalist party and Mexico, he joined displayed such valor and ability that in 1815 he rose to the chief command of the army, but latterly went over to the 1815 he rose to the chief command of displayed such valor and ability that in tion, and became so popular that he proclaimed himself Emperor of Mexico in by his abdication. Congress granted 1822. His reign was full of trouble, him a yearly pension on condition of his and came to an end in less than a year, leaving the country, and he resided in Leghorn about a year, when he made an attempt to his heir by the unfortunate Emperor him a yearly pension on condition of his recover the crown.
Leghorn about a year, when he made an leaving the country, and he resided in He Maximilian. 19, 1824. His grandson was adopted as grand-dukes and four czars of Russia.
The best known, IVAN IV. (1530-1584), was arrested and shot, in Padilla, July commonly called Ivan the Terrible, reigned from 1533, and did much for the advancement of his country in arts and commerce, as well as for its extension IVES by arms. He was the first Russian sovereign to be crowned as Czar. He subdued Kazan and Astrakhan, and from his reign dates the first annexation of Siberia. He concluded a commercial a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, after the English had discovered (1553) the way to Archangel by sea. But his hand fell with merciless cruelty upon the boyars of his kingdom, and upon some of his towns, as Moscow, Tver, and Novgorod. In the last named some 60,000 people were slain in six weeks. Ivan died of sorrow for his son, whom three years before he had slain in a mad fit of rage. entat