Jerusalem
one of the most ancient Palestine, until the World War, in the Turkish province of Syria. It stands on an elevated site (about 2,500 feet above and belongin bout 12 miles op, about 52,000 city and county on the Hudson d the Pennsylv Lehigh Valley, the the Baltimore and he New Jersey and York, Susquehanna Lackawanna railro rk City, with whierries and tunnels; s. The business lies in a level st about a mile in w abrupt bluff, on w portion of the second largest cit as trolley connect lizabeth, Hoboken, es. There is a p ck Institute, ol, St. Aloy eter's Roman Cath d St. Peter's high schools. The state valuation in: and the bonded The budget for 13,710,539. sts. The business City are closely al ew York City. several large railro lines, the commer nsive. It has exten chter houses, grain acking establishme are varied and ex iron and steel go motives, boilers, f lead pencils, crucib watches and jewe tobacco, zinc goo glass, soap, c products. ional banks, anks, savings insti nd loan companies.
City was forme Hook; was laid out as the city of Jer rated as Jersey C by annexation of Hn 1870, and by Gre d was rechartered 267,779; (1920) 20 one of the most ancie ities in the world, he World War, in of Syria. It stands about 2,500 feet abc JERUSALEM the sea) within the fork of two ravines, the Valley of Jehoshaphat on the E. and the Valley of Hinnom on the S. and W., while a third ravine or valley -the Tyropœon--partially traverses it from S. to N. On the E. side of this valley is Mount Moriah, now the Mohammedan quarter of the city, where anciently stood the palace and temple of Solomon. Immediately S. of this stood the mountain fortress of Zion, known as the City of David, and later as the Akra or Lower City. Of the three walls which Jerusalem latterly possessed, the first wall, that of David was for the defense of the Upper City (the traditional, but JERUSALEM the number of pilgrims by whom it is visited. A large area in the E. of the city is occupied by the inclosure known as El Haram-Esh-Sherif (The Noble Sanctuary). The building within it is the Mosque of Omar, most conspicuous called also Kubbet-es-Sakhrah (Dome of the Rock), a splendid structure of octagonal form which occupies the site of the Jewish Temple. Among the notable convents are the Latin convent, and the still more extensive Armenian convent capable of accommodating 1,000 pilgrims.
The first railway to Jerusalem was opened in 1893. Pop. about 60,000.
Jerusalem is not mentioned by name THE DAMASCUS GATE, JERUSALEM probably not the ancient Zion). The second wall took in a considerable area on the E. and N. E., while a new town or suburb, Bezetha, which grew up on the N. of this, was inclosed by a third wall, built by Agrippa I. The present limits are much the same as those indicated by the third wall, only that the old Lower City and the S. part of the old Upper City are unpopulated places outside the modern walls. Of the seven gates only five are now used. The interior of the city is much occupied by mosques, churches, and convents. In the N. W. quarter is the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, so called because alleged to contain under its roof the very grave in which the Saviour lay. This church, which was built by Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great, is remarkable for the richness of its decorations and till about 1500 в. c., when it was in the hands of the Jebusites. The lower part was wrested from them by Joshua, but the upper part continued in their possession till the time of David, who took up his residence in the stronghold of Zion and made Jerusalem the capital of his kingdom. It reached the height of its glory under Solomon after whose time it declined. In 586 Nebuchadnezzar took and destroyed the city after a long siege, and carried off those of the inhabitants whom the sword had spared as captives to Babylon. On the return from the captivity the temple was rebuilt, 515 B. C. The walls were not rebuilt till the time of Ezra and Nehemiah, 455 B. C.
The city had regained a considerable degree of prosperity, when it was sacked and its walls leveled by Antiochus of Syria in 168. Under the Maccabees utary to atifled and ole by He party of Rome.
ANOTOS JERUSALEM Jerusalem, in common with Judea, became once more independent, 165 в. c. It next became tributary to Rome, and had been greatly beautified and enriched with a fine new temple by Herod when the Saviour appeared. In A. D. 66 Jerusalem was taken by a party of Jews who had revolted against Rome. Titus, the son JEWISH COLONY Π MOHAMMEDAN.
CEMETERY 000000 00000 JERUSALEM fostering care of Helena, mother of Constantine the Great. This period of prosperity, prolonged by a succession of Christian emperors, was suddenly terminated in 636, by the conquest of the Mohammedans, under the Arabian Caliph Omar. In 1099 the Crusaders took Jerusalem by storm, and made it the capital JEREMIAH'S GROTTO DAMASCUS HERODS GATE STORK'S TOWER mother of his period of successio suddenly t the cononest of the er the Arabian C The Crusaders took and made it the ca TOWER JAFFA GATE CITADEL GR FR GATE GREEK and STREET GATE OF ABDUL HAMID FRANK QUARTER JAFFA ROAD 1 3 DAMASCUS JAFFA GATE CITADEL DAVID STREET ARMENIAN QUARTER 0 0 JEWISH D COLONY 9 ZION ST JEWS STREET MOHAMMEDAN QUARTER HARAMESH SHERIF ST STEPHENS GATE GOLDEN GATE ST STEPHENS GATE LEGOLDEN GATE 2 4 TOMB OF ABSALOM 61 7 TOMB OF ZECHARIA ㅁ TEMPLE JEWISH QUARTER 18 JEWISH ROTHSCHILD HOSPITAL CEMETERY !!!!!
DUNG GATE 10 TRESALOM 吉 TOMB OF ZECHARIA EWISH 1111 ETERY 1111 7 LTAN FIORE PICE CH CAILROAD ST or Vespasi 0, after a as burned ground. y to be reb med till the y, when, 1, Jerusale sumed the Christian BIRKETttt. t't't't ES-SULTAN CHRISTIAN CEMETERY MONTE FIORE HOSPICE RAILROAD STATION HOUSE OF CALAPHAS TOMB OF DAVID JEWISH CEMETERY D 0 0 VILLAGE OD OF SILOAM 1- CHURCH OF SEPULCHRE 2 SERAI 3 POOL OF HEZEKIAH 4 MOSQUE OF OMAR 5 МЕНКЕМЕН 6 WAILING PLACE 7 MOSQUE EL-AKSA 8 ROBINSONS ARCH 9 ARMENIAN MONASTERY 10 GERMAN-JEWISH HOSPICE MODERN JERUSALEM of the Emperor Vespasian, regained it in the year 70, after a terrible siege; the temple was burned, and the city razed to the ground. In 131 Hadrian ordered the city to be rebuilt, but it continued depressed till the beginning of the 4th century, when, Rome having become Christian, Jerusalem shared in the benefit, and assumed the appearance of a distinguished Christian city, under the of a Christian monarchy, which with difficulty maintained its existence till 1187, when it was finally overthrown by Saladin. In 1517 Jerusalem fell into the hands of the Turks, and remained a part of the Ottoman empire, until the collapse of Turkey in 1918. The city was captured by British forces under Gen. Allenby in Dec., 1917. See ZIONISM; PALESTINE. 1 VILLAGE DD OF SILOAM OF SEPULCHRE HEZEKIAH OF OMAR MEH 6 PLACE EL-AKSA SUN'S ARCH MAN MONASTERY -JEWISH HOSPICE erchy, which w its existence ti lly overthrown Terusalem fell i ts, and remained mpire, until the The city w forces unde 1917. See Z JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE ARTICHOKE.
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.