Jouffroy
THEODORE SIMON (zhö-frwa'), a French philosopher; born in Pontets, Doubs, France, July 17, 1796.
He became a pupil of Cousin, at Paris, and from 1817 onward taught philosophy at various educational institutions in Paris. Ill-health obliged him in 1838 to exchange his professorial chair for the post of librarian to the university.
Jouffroy was not an original thinker, and founded no school. His merit is that he was the lucid interpreter of the teaching of the Scotch philosophers Reid and Dugald Stewart; he translated their works, adding critical introductions and notes. His own best books were: "Philosophical Miscellanies" (1833; new edition 1883); "Course in Natural Law" (1835); "Course in Æsthetics" (1843; time new edition 1883). For some Jouffroy was a member of the Chamber of Deputies; he was also well known as a journalist. He died in Paris, France, Feb. 4, 1842.
JOUGS (jögz), an instrument of punishment formerly used in Scotland, consisting of an iron collar which surrounded the neck of the criminal, and was fastened to a wall or tree by an iron chain.
JOULE (named from the eminent English physicist, James P. Joule), in electricity, the unit of heat and work; the voltcoulomb.