Judaism
one of the most important faiths in the world, which Christians, as well as Jews, consider to have been revealed by God. Ancient Judaism. - The earliest form of the Jewish faith was patriarchal. On the night of the Israelitish departure from Egypt an essential part of Judaism, in its second or more developed form, was begun by the institution of the passover (Exod. xii., xiii.). At Sinai two tables of stone were given containing the 10 commandments. Subsequently there was revealed to Moses, to be by him communicated to the people, a complicated system of ceremonial observances, interspersed with judicial enactments. A splendid tabernacle-i. e., a tent on a divine model, was erected as the habitation of Jehovah, in the journeyings through the wilderness, to be in due time followed by a temple, when the people were permanently settled. A hereditary priesthood was consecrated, and a theocratic form of government maintained, the supreme civil ruler, whether lawthe supreme civil ruler, whether lawbeing regarded as the vice-gerent of God. Ancient Judaism was the precursor of Christianity and the germ from which it lieve that all the ceremonies, sacred perlieve that all the ceremonies, sacred pertypes and shadows of the life and suffertypes and shadows of the life and suffer- Modern Judaism. - After the Jews lost their independence, and especially after the destruction of Jerusalem, the judicial be observed. In the latter half of the JUDGE the 6th the Babylonian Talmud, containing the rules, constitutions, precepts, and those of the Old Testament. See HEthose of the Old Testament. See HE- BREWS: JEWS. apostles, and betrayer of his Master. JUDAS ISCARIOT, one of the 12 apostles, and betrayer of his Master. gaged with the Jewish Sanhedrim to For the paltry sum of about $15 he enguide them to a place where they could seize his Lord by night without danger of a tumult. But when he learned the result, a terrible remorse took possession of him; not succeeding in undoing his fatal work with the priests, he cast down before them the price of blood, crossed the gloomy valley of Hinnom, and hanged himself (Matt. xxvii: 3-10) or fell in Acts i: 18). headlong and burst asunder (Luke xxii.; fell JUDAS MACCABÆUS. See MAC- CABEES. one of the 12 apostles. Matthew and