July
the name of the 7th month of JULICH (yü'lih), a town of Rhenish Prussia, on the Roer, 20 miles N. E. of Aix-la-Chapelle, the Juliacum of the Romans.
Till its fortifications were razed in 1860 it ranked as a fortress of the second class. From the 12th century Jülich was the capital of an independent to this month by Mark Antony, in honor countship, created a duchy in 1356. In of Cæsar, whose birthday fell in it. It 1801 the duchy was annexed to France, in 1814 to Prussia. Pop. about 7,500.
JULIUS I., Pope, succeeded to the papal see on the death of Mark in 337, and is celebrated for the part he took in the Athanasian Controversy. He died in 352.
JULIUS II. (GIULIANO DELLA ROVERE), Pope; born in Albezuola, in 1443. He was nephew of Pope Sixtus IX., bishop successively of several sees, last last of Avignon, and in 1471 became cardinal.
He had been exiled by Alexander VI., but had influence to procure the election of Pius III., in September, 1503, and on his death, a month later, succeeded him.
He recovered part of the Romagna from Cesare Borgia, Bologna from the Bentivoglio, and Perugia from the Baglioni. Against the Venetians, who held part of the Romagna, he concluded, in 1508, the League of Cambray, with the emperor, Louis XII. of France, and the King of Aragon. After much fighting the Venetians submitted, and he peace with them in 1510. He then made war on the French, to drive them out of Italy; conducted in person the siege of La Mirandola, and took it in 1511; saw his army defeated at Bologna, and the city again in the hands of the French, and was compelled to retire to Rome. A council being convoked at Pisa by the King of France, Julius convoked another at Rome; excommunicated Louis XII., and put his kingdom under an interdict in 1512; and died early in the following contains 31 days.
JUMBOSEER Hindustan, province of Gujerat, presidency of Bombay, on a river of same name, 35 miles N. W. of Baroda. It (-sēr'), atown of carries on a considerable trade with oil, and cloth. Pop. about 12,000.
Bombay, to which it sends cotton, grain, JUMET (zhü-mā'), a town of Belgium, province of Hainault, three miles N. of Charleroi; has glass-works, distilleries, and extensive coal mines; pop. about 30,000.
JUMNA (jum'-), a river of Hindustan, which rises in the Himalayas, in the native state of Garhwal, near Jamnotri, at the height of 10,849 feet. It flows in its upper course in a generally S. W. direction, then bends to the S. E., and passing the cities of Delhi and Agra falls into the Ganges at Allahabad, after a course of 860 miles. Some trade is carried on by means of clumsy barks.
Two important irrigation works-the Jumna Eastern and the Jumna Western Canals, derive their supply of water from this river. natics, so named from their practice of