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Kossuth (LOUIS the leader)

LOUIS, the leader of the the subject of Hungarian independence. KOSSUTH, LOUIS, the leader of the Hungary in 1802. His family was of noble rank, but his parents were poor.

He studied law at the Protestant college of Sarospatak, and practiced for a He studied law at the Protestant colcal career at the Diet of Presburg as the deputy of absent magnates. The publication of a lithographed paper led, in May, 1837, to Kossuth's imprisonment.

He was liberated in 1840, and became the editor of the "Pesti Hirlap," a newspaper in which he advocated views which took strong hold of the youth of the country. In 1847 he was sent by the county of Pest as deputy to the Diet, and soon became the leader of the opposition.

He advocated the emancipation of the peasants, the abolition of all feudal rights and privileges, and, after the French revolution of 1848, openly demanded an independent government for Hungary and constitutional government in the Austrian hereditary territories.

To his speeches must in great part be ascribed not only the Hungarian revoluministry in September, 1848, he found himself at the head of the Committee of tion, but the insurrection in Vienna in himself at the head of the Committee of March, 1848. On the resignation of the National Defense, and prosecuted with ministry in September, 1848, he found essary for carrying on the war. extraordinary energy the measures necernor He was now appointed provisional govof Hungary; but being disapof the Western Powers, and finding the national cause jeopardized by the interpointed in his hopes for the intervention ference of Russia, he endeavored to arouse the people to a more desperate effort. The attempt was vain. After the defeat at Temesvar on Aug. 9, 1849, he found himself compelled to flee into Turkey, where he was made a prisoner; was demanded both by Austria and Russia, the Porte resisted their claims. In Septembut, though his extradition ber, 1851, he was liberated by the inate to England, where he was received fluence of England and the United with every demonstration of public re- States, and, sailed in an American frigthe same year he landed in the United States, where he met with a most en- He returned in June, 1852, to England, States, where he met with a most enthusiastic reception. neu- He returned in June, 1852, to England, and there he chiefly resided, till Sardinia and France prepared for war with independence, he proposed to Napoleon Austria; when, on condition of someto arrange a Hungarian rising against thing definite being done for Hungarian trality in the event of the war extending Austria. He secured England's to Hungary. The peace of Villafranca bitterly disappointed Kossuth, but did not dishearten him. He made two other attempts (in 1860-1861, in conjunction not dishearten him. He made two other poleon; in 1866, with the aid of Victor attempts (in 1860-1861, in conjunction with Cavour and with the help of Na- Emmanuel) to bring about against Austrian rule in his native country, but without final success. try, but without final success. When in 1867 Deák effected the reconciliation of Hungary with the dynasty, and initiated a rising When in a modus vivendi between the two parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Kos- suth retired from active political life. He refused to avail himself of the general amnesty (1867), and to return to his native land to take the oath of fealty to the dynasty he had once dethroned.

In 1880-1882 he published three volumes of "Memories of My Exile"; others followed in 1890. He died in Turin, March 21, 1894.

March 21, 1894. ment of the same name, located near the Volga river about 500 miles E. of Petrograd. The province (pop. about In Septem by the in- United મરજી પર was received blle re Unite for war wit of no to Napoleon Cand's Villar covered with forests. Hemp and flax square miles more than half of which is 2,000,000) has an area of over 32,000 square miles more than half of which is covered with forests. Hemp and flax are the chief products. The most notable building in the city is the Cathedral of the Assumption, built in 1272. Pop. about 70,000. one end than the other, and with a conthe Japanese. It is about six feet long, and in shape is an oblong box, larger at one end than the other, and with a conwith striking of the forehead on the ground nine times, performed before the Emperor of China. with striking of the forehead on the ground nine times, performed before the Emperor of China.