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Labor (FEDERATION OF LABOR DEPARTMENT)

FEDERATION OF 382 LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF similar undertakings; and in the early decades of the 19th the growing ideas of freedom had begun to make other great changes in the condition of the workers. The right of combination received in 1824 was utilized in the formation of trades-unions and co-operative societies, and the admission of the workingmen to the franchise has given them a share in the political life of the country.

The emancipation of agricultural labor from serfdom, which was effected in France at the Revolution of 1789, was not completed in central Europe till 1848 , and in Russia not till 1861. Laws for the regulation of labor are now intended not to fix wages as formerly, but to protect the weaker class of workers. LABOR, AMERICAN FEDERA- TION OF, an association composed of LABOR, AMERICAN FEDERAabout 80 national labor organizations, embracing about 7,000 local unions. It was organized at Columbus, O., in 1886.

In 1905 the Socialists withdrew and formed other organizations, but they have since made various efforts to control the association, without success.

The Federation was successful in getting Congress to pass a law declaring that labor was not a commodity to be handled about but a human entity. The Federation showed patriotic ardor during the Great War and helped the government.