Lai
a leader of the hent in Russia. His Ilyitch Uulyanoff and ble parentage at Simin 1870. Taking te y in life he became a the dictum of the Third International Congress in favor of the creation of an international state to be dominated by the workers. Although elected to the Second Duma he was exiled in 1905 when the reaction set in. During the early part of the European War of 1914 he alien enemy, but later received permis- sion to go to Switzerland. When the Revolution of March, 1917, took place in other Russians in exile, was allowed to proceed to Russia across Germany. Arother Russians in exile, was allowed to proceed to Russia across Germany. Arriving at Petrograd before Kerensky's government had been established he at once set to work, advocating immediate peace and the "dictatorship of the proletariat." His effort to overturn the Kerensky government in July of 1917 was a NIKOLAI LENINE a convert to Marx doctrines and accepted lution in Berlin. The Allied Govern- gave support to men who had for their object the overthrow of the Soviet Govlution in Berlin. The Allied Governgave support to men who had for their ments continued hostile to Lenine and object the overthrow of the Soviet Government. One by one, however, Lenine defeated them all and the year 1919 ended with his power more absolute in accusations have been made by his ene- Russia than when it had begun. Many mies against him: that he organized a reign of terror in Russia which threatened to exterminate all who refused to acknowledge his power; that he accepted German gold and has acted in the interyet be determined. That he is bitterly hated in Russia by some is shown by rethe distresses of his people. The truth of these sweeping accusations cannot as yet be determined. That he is bitterly refused to recognize his government, and for a considerable time held Russia un- States, have steadily, up to July, 1920, der a strict blockade. Prior to his acrefused to recognize his government, and for a considerable time held Russia under a strict blockade. Prior to his accession to power in Russia Lenine published several works on Socialism, the most important of which is his "Development of Capitalism in Russia." March 25, 1802. He was educated for thor; born in Amsterdam, Holland, March 25, 1802. He was educated for the bar, passed as a barrister, and soon achieved a great reputation for legal knowledge. Yet without neglecting his extensive practice he for more than 30 1830 in a work on national legends, imappeared as an author shortly before 1830 in a work on national legends, imhis numerous novels several (including "The Rose of Dekama" and "The Adopthis numerous novels several (including "The Rose of Dekama" and "The Adopted Son") have been translated into English, French, and German. He wrote much for the stage, translated from Byron and other English poets, and published a Dutch history for the young. He died Aug. 25, 1868.